Plate Tectonics

Front 1

Three things that increase as you go deeper into the earth

Back 1

Temperature, Density, and Heat

Front 2

Two ways layers of the earth are classified

Back 2

Chemical and Physical Composition

Front 3

Three Chemical Layers of Earth

Back 3

Crust, Mantle, and Core

Front 4

Five Physical Layers of Earth

Back 4

Mesosphere, Asthenosphere, Lithosphere, Outer Core, Inner Core

Front 5

Layer that is completely liquid

Back 5

Outer Core

Front 6

Layer that is metal

Back 6

Inner Core

Front 7

Which 2 metals are mostly present

Back 7

Nickel, Iron

Front 8

Thinnest Layer

Back 8

Crust

Front 9

Layer with highest temp and pressure

Back 9

Core

Front 10

Two kinds of crust in the lithosphere

Back 10

Continental and Oceanic Crust

Front 11

Convection

Back 11

Hot rock rises, and cooler rock near surface sinks

Front 12

Layer of the earth convection is found

Back 12

Asthenosphere

Front 13

Convection Significance

Back 13

Causes the oceanic lithosphere to move sideways

Front 14

Scientists know about the different layers of the earth by using this device

Back 14

GPS

Front 15

Seismic Waves

Back 15

Waves of energy that travel through the Earth as vibrations

Front 16

Two Kinds of Seismic Waves

Back 16

P Waves and S Waves

Front 17

S-waves travel

Back 17

Sideways and are Secondary, travel through solid rock

Front 18

P-Waves travel

Back 18

Back and Forth, very fast and ahead of other seismic waves, Primary

Front 19

Major difference between S and P waves

Back 19

S waves cannot go through liquids and P waves can

Front 20

Two factors that effect how seismic waves travel

Back 20

Boundary waves

Front 21

Define Continental Drift

Back 21

The hypothesis that states that continents were once formed a single landmass, then broke apart. (Pangaea)

Front 22

Pangaea

Back 22

One single-huge landmass, Super-continent

Front 23

Timeline of how Pangaea split apart

Back 23

245 million years - Pangaea existed
180 million years - Gradually broke into 2 pieces, Laurasia and Gondwana
65 million years - Laurasia and Gondwana split into smaller pieces

Front 24

4 Pieces of Evidence that support that theory of Continental Drift

Back 24

Fossils (Ferns Plants and Animals), Rocks, Antarctica, Glaciers

Front 25

What was found in Antarctica

Back 25

Green swamps

Front 26

Significance of Green Swamps in Antarctica

Back 26

Antarctica may have been at the equator, warmer and climate changes.

Front 27

Scientists use this for accurate maps of the ocean floor.

Back 27

Sonar

Front 28

Mountains form on the ocean floor

Back 28

Sea-floor Spreading

Front 29

Ocean floor constantly spreading apart

Back 29

Yes

Front 30

Theory of Plate Tectonics

Back 30

Earth's lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move around on top of the asthenosphere.

Front 31

Two types of plates

Back 31

Continental and Oceanic

Front 32

Different types of boundaries

Back 32

Convergent, Divergent, Transform

Front 33

Divergent boundaries

Back 33

Two tectonic plates separate - Sea-floor Spreading

Front 34

Convergent boundaries

Back 34

Two tectonic plates collide

Front 35

Transform boundaries

Back 35

Two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally

Front 36

Convergent Boundaries

Back 36

Oceanic-oceanic, Oceanic-continental, Continental-continental

Front 37

Oceanic-Oceanic

Back 37

One oceanic plate sinks under another

Front 38

Oceanic-Continental

Back 38

Oceanic plates is denser and sinks under continental

Front 39

Continental-Continental

Back 39

2 continental plates collide buckling and pushing crust upward

Front 40

Two theories that explain why plates move

Back 40

Continental Drift, Plate Tectonics

Front 41

Deformation

Back 41

The process by which the shape of a rock changes because of stress

Front 42

Difference between compression and tension

Back 42

Compression is when an object squeezes and tension is when an object stretches

Front 43

Folding

Back 43

Bending of rock layers because of stress

Front 44

Three types of folding

Back 44

Anticlines, Synclines, and Monoclines

Front 45

Anticlines

Back 45

Upward, Arching folds

Front 46

Synclines

Back 46

Downward, Troughlike folds

Front 47

Monoclines

Back 47

Rock layers are folded so both ends of the fold are horizontal

Front 48

Faulting

Back 48

Surface along which rocks break and slide past each other

Front 49

Difference between normal faults and reverse faults

Back 49

Reverse fault occurs when the crust extended, when hanging wall moves up to the footwall
Normal faults when the hanging wall moves down

Front 50

Difference between hanging wall and footwall

Back 50

Hanging wall - Below fault
Footwall - Above fault

Front 51

Strike-slip fault

Back 51

Slides and breaks horizontally generating vibrations or waves that shakes ground

Front 52

Example of Strike-slip fault

Back 52

San Andreas Fault

Front 53

Folded Mountain

Back 53

Formed when 2 tectonic plates hit each other then fold to create a mountain

Front 54

Fault-Block Mountain

Back 54

Formed when large areas of bedrock are widely broken up by faults to create continental crust

Front 55

Volcanic Mountain

Back 55

Magma erupts out of this and lava flows

Front 56

Difference between Uplift and Susidence

Back 56

Uplift - pushing

Front 57

Example - Uplift

Back 57

Rebound

Front 58

Example - Subsidence

Back 58

Rift Zone