Plaque And Diet

Front 1

What is a soft, structured, bacterial deposit that adheres tenaciously to teeth/oral structures that are not adequately cleaned?

Back 1

Plaque biofilm

Front 2

What does CIPD stand for?

Back 2

chronic inflammatory periodontal disease

Front 3

plaque biofilm is a major aetiological agent for the most common dent diseases, what are they?

Back 3

dental caries
CIPD
it is a precursor to gingivitis

Front 4

What is the equation for caries?

Back 4

Caries = plaque + susceptible tooth + dietary factors + modifying factors

Front 5

What is the equation for CIPD?

Back 5

CIPD = plaque + host response (inflammatory and immune) + modifying factors

Front 6

What is the composition of plaque biofilm?

Back 6

bacteria
bacterial procuct
food debris
components of saliva and crevicular fluid
host cells (e.g. epithelial cells, WBC)

Front 7

What are the components of extracellular polysaccharides (bacterial product)

Back 7

glucans (dextran) and fractans (levan)
possibly a storage from of carbohydrates
produce a reistant gel in the mouth

Front 8

Where is supragingival plaque?

Back 8

above gingiva

Front 9

Where is subgingival plaque?

Back 9

under gingiva

Front 10

Subgingival plaque can be attatched to tooth surface or in contact with soft tissue name these types of subgingival plaque.

Back 10

Adherent - attached to tooth surface, similar to supragingival plaque

non adherent - in contact with soft tissue

Front 11

What forms on the tooth within minutes of teeth being cleaned?

Back 11

a pellicle, formed from salivary glycoproteins
less than 1 micron in thickness, bacteria free

Front 12

After 24 hours the pellicle is colonised by what shape bacteria?

Back 12

small round and thread shape bacteria

Front 13

What has column-like structured colonies of coccoid organisms, overlying rods and filaments and capable of producing acid?

Back 13

supragingival plaque within 24 hours

Front 14

Over several days supragingival plaque increases in quantity of plaque explain how.

Back 14

bacteria multiply and produce more dextrans
composition changes, filamentous organisms predominate
appearance may resemble "corn cobs" at surface
O2 levels in the deeper sections reduced
anaerobic bacteria develope

Front 15

What type of bacteria is associated with periodontal disease?

Back 15

anaerobic, as don't need O2
no oxygen under gums

Front 16

How long can it take plaque to develop in large numbers following thorough cleaning?

Back 16

months

Front 17

How can plaque cause dental caries?

Back 17

demin due to acid produced by bacteria, plaque bacteria use dietary sugars to produce acid

Front 18

How can plaque cause periodontal disease?

Back 18

breakdown of supporting tissues due to bacterial and host products
bacterial products(enzymes, toxins, metbolic wastes)
host products relate to inflammatory and immune response

Front 19

What are the 3 views on plaque?

Back 19

specific plaque hypothesis
non-specific plaque hypothesis
ecological

Front 20

What is the ecological view on plaque?

Back 20

disease can be present in absence of pathogenic bacteria, environmental shift in mouth, neutral to acidic

Front 21

What do effects of specific plaque hypothesis depend on?

Back 21

type of bacteria present
numbers of bacteria present
patient resistance - for most people small amount of plaque can be tolerated

Front 22

What is treatment of specif plaque hypothesis aims at?

Back 22

specific organisms and or disruption of environment

Front 23

Is all plaque the same in specific hypothesis?

Back 23

NO

Front 24

What is the treatment aimed at in non specific plaque hypothesis?

Back 24

eliminating/decreasing plaque to a minimum, eliminating all bacteria

Front 25

All plaque are potentially harmful in non-specific plaque hypothesis?

Back 25

YES

Front 26

Which hypothesis fits dental disease?

Back 26

specific plaque hypothesis best explains periodontal diseases
non specific explains gingivitis
caries have elements of both specific and non specific plaque hypothesis

Front 27

at a clinical level prevention of perio can target....

Back 27

plaque factors (DHE)
removal of plaque retentive factors (calculus)
some modifying factors (smoking,diabetes control)

Front 28

at a clinical level prevention of caries can target....

Back 28

plaque factors
dietary factors
tooth factors
modifying factors

Front 29

What are the building blocks of plaque?

Back 29

Carbohydrates

Front 30

How do carbs feed the bacteria that cause caries?

Back 30

bacteria can use sugars in our diet and produce acids

Front 31

How do carbs contribute to plaque bulk?

Back 31

some bacteria capable of producing dextrans and levans from glucose

Front 32

What is the relevance of carbohydrates?

Back 32

the quantity
frequency
duration

Front 33

Name the forms of carbohydrates

Back 33

white sugar
refined starches
processed foods

Front 34

What are examples of unrefined carbohydrates?

Back 34

fruit
vegetables
whole grains

Front 35

what are examples of refined carbohydrates?

Back 35

sugar
other ferment-able carbs

Front 36

Who benefits the most from dietary counseling?

Back 36

patients with high caries risk

Front 37

What can act as a buffer to acids?

Back 37

Calcium