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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Photosynthetic eukaryote that uses chlorophyll a/b; develop from embryos protected by tissues of the parent plant; stores carbohydrates; haploid/diploid generations; MONOPHYLETIC
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Plants (Plantae)
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Possess well-developed vascular systems; conspicuous green structures of ferns and seed plants are the sporophytes
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Tracheophytes
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Lack leaves, stems, roots; Sporophyte is always dependent on gametophyte (permanently attached); gametophyte is eye-visible (photosynthetic structure)
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Nontracheophytes
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Zygote through adult, multicellular diploid plant
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Sporophyte generation
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From spore through the adult, multicellular haploid plant to the gamete
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Gametophyte generation
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Closest living relatives of plants?
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Charophytes (green algal group)
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___resemble plants in terms of rRNA and DNA sequences, perioxome contents, mechanics of mitosis and cytokinesis and chloroplast structure
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(stoneworts of genus) Chara
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sister group of charophytes that have features found in plants such as plasmodesmata and a tendency to protect young sporophyte
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(genus) Coleochaeta
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no water transport tissues; water moves by capillary action (NONTRACHEOPHYTES)
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Liverworts (Hepatophyta)
Hornworts (Anthocerophyta) |
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some water conducting tissue, not true tracheids (NONTRACHEOPHYTES)
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Mosses (Bryophyta)
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conducts products of photosynthesis from where produced to where needed or stored
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Phloem
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conducts water and minerals from soil to aerial parts, some cell walls are stiffened with lignin; also provides support
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Xylem
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Nontracheophytes live?
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on soil or other plants, wetlands, freshwater, NO MARINE,
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characterisitics:
gametophyte flat; produce antheridia/archegonia; rhizoids on lower surface; elators (for spore dissemination); gemmae cups (asexual reproduction) |
Hepatphyta (Liverworts)
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cells contain a single plate-like chloroplast, sporophytes come closest to being capable of indefinite growth (basal cell division); have stomata (O2/CO2 exch.)
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Anthocerophta (Hornworts)
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form thick mats; contain cell type called hydroid (dies and leaves a chanel for water travel); lacks lignin; sporophytes grow by apical cell division; protonema
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Bryophyta (Mosses)
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principal water conducting element of the xylem
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Tracheid
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the first tracheophytes that are now extinct...
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Rhinophyta
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haploid and diploid generations are independent at maturity; MUST have moist environment for at least one stage in life as fertilization accomplished by motile, flagellated sperm
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NONSEED Tracheophyte
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simple leaves, spirally arranged, apical stem growth; Sporangi contained within conelike structures called strobili (in upper angle between leaf and stem)
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Lycophyta (Club Mosses)
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silicon deposits in walls make them useful for cleaning; have true roots that branch irreguarly; large independent sporophyte and small independent gametophyte
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Horsetails (Ph: Pteridophyta)
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rootless, spore bearing plants with only minute scales as leaves; flattened photosynthetic organs with well developed vascular tissue, gametophytes live below the surface of the ground; lack chlorophyll-depend on fungal partners for nutrition
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Whisk Ferns (Ph:Pteridophyta)
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have roots, stems, leaves with branching vascular strands; require water for transport of male gametes to the female gametes
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True FERNS (Ph: Pteridophyta)
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