Plants

Front 1

Vascular Plants(tracheophytes)

Back 1

tissue organized in such a way as to conduct food and water throughout their structure; might produce seeds

Front 2

nonvascular plants(bryophytes)

Back 2

mosses; lack specialized tissue for conducting water or food, produce no seeds or flowers.

Front 3

angiosperms

Back 3

plants that produce flowers, which are reproductive organs

Front 4

gymnosperms

Back 4

produce seeds without flowers-cone bearers and cycads

Front 5

anuals

Back 5

plants that survive through a single growing season

Front 6

biennial

Back 6

lifespan spans 2 growing seasons

Front 7

perennial

Back 7

plants growing year after year

Front 8

stigma

Back 8

sticky surface at the top of the pistil which traps pollen grains

Front 9

style

Back 9

slender vaselike structure which connects to the ovary

Front 10

ovary

Back 10

hollow bulb shape structure in lower interior of pistil; ripen and become fruit

Front 11

ovules

Back 11

within the ovary containing one or more egg cells.

Front 12

shoot apex

Back 12

composed of meristem tissue and is the region where elongation of the stem occurs

Front 13

meristem tissue

Back 13

consisting of undifferentiated cells capable of quick growth and specialization

Front 14

terminal bud

Back 14

beginning of a new set of leaves; also located at the shoot apex.

Front 15

terminal bud scar

Back 15

spot where the previous years terminal bud was located

Front 16

fruit

Back 16

matured ovary which contains the seeds; provides protection for the seeds as well as the method to disburse them.

Front 17

seed

Back 17

contains a tiny embryonic plant, stored food, and seed coat for protection

Front 18

cotyledon

Back 18

angiosperms are classified according to this strcucture

Front 19

dicots

Back 19

two cotyledons in each seed; includes oaks flowers and vegetables; flowers with petals in multiples of 4 or 5

Front 20

monocots

Back 20

those with one cotyledon in each seed; include grasses, lilies, palm trees, flowers with petals

in multiples of three;

Front 21

nodes

Back 21

on the stem where new leaves sprout

Front 22

stem

Back 22

main support structure of the pant that produces branches, main organ for transporting food and water to and from the leaves

Front 23

vascular tissue

Back 23

makes up most of the stem; xylem and pholem

Front 24

xylem

Back 24

composed of long tubular cells which transport water from eh ground

Front 25

phloem tissue

Back 25

formed by stacked cells which allow nutrients to pass from cell to cell, transports food made in leaves to the rest of the plant

Front 26

leaf

Back 26

primary site of photosyntheses; connected to the stem by a petriol

Front 27

cuticle

Back 27

covers the leaf surfaces, maintains the leaf moisture balance; waxy

Front 28

epiderms

Back 28

one cell thick; outermost layer of the leaf, secreted the waxy cuticle

Front 29

palisade layer

Back 29

vertical aligned cells which contain numerous chloroplasts; photosynthesis occurs in this layer due to the arrangement of the cells maximizing exposure to sunlight.

Front 30

vascular bundles

Back 30

sugars produced are transported throughout the plant via this; make up the veins in the leaf

Front 31

spongy layer

Back 31

beneath the palisade layer, separated by large air spaces to allow for the exchange of gases.

Front 32

guard cells

Back 32

openings on the underside of a leaf

Front 33

stomata

Back 33

serve to allow moisture and gases to pass in and out of the leaf facilitating photosynthesis

Front 34

root hairs

Back 34

produced by the epidermis; reach between sold particles and retrieve water and minerals

Front 35

epidermis of the root

Back 35

one cell layer thick and serves to protect internal root tissue and absorb nutrients and water

Front 36

parenchyma

Back 36

thin walled cells loosely packed to allow for flow of gases and uptake of minerals

Front 37

endodermis

Back 37

tightly connected cells so no substances can pass between cells, acts as a filter

Front 38

vascular cylinder

Back 38

center of the root which includes the xylem and phloem tissue

Front 39

1st pathway for plant absorption

Back 39

water seeps between epidermal cells of the root and between the parenchyma cells. water reaches the endodermal tissue and enters the cells and is pushed through the vascular tissue toward the xylem

Front 40

2nd pathway for absorption

Back 40

water passes through the cells wall and plasma membrane. travels through channels in the cell membranes until it reaches the xylem

Front 41

cohesion

Back 41

hydrogen bonding between water molecules; occurs once the water reaches the xylem

Front 42

cohesion tension process

Back 42

cohesion causes tension that pulls water through the water column up through he stem and onto the leaves

Front 43

transpiration

Back 43

water from plant leaves is evaporating, causing a pull of water up from the root xylem through the length of the plant

Front 44

C3 plants

Back 44

make up for 95% of species of plants that use the enzyme rubisco to makes a three carbon compound. best climate is cold, damp environments; high loss of carbon during photorespiration

Front 45

C4 plants

Back 45

include sugar cane and corn, survive in hot environments and use water efficiently. low rate of carbon loss through photorespiration

Front 46

angiosperm

Back 46

produce plants with flowers; which are reproductive organs

Front 47

gymnosperms

Back 47

produce seeds without flowers; cone bearers

Front 48

alternation of generations

Back 48

identifiable life cycles

Front 49

vegetative propagation

Back 49

an asexual reproductive process; occurs through mitosis only and does not involve gametes. produces offspring identical to the parent

Front 50

angiosperm life cycle

Back 50

pollen develops from the stamen, offs develop from the pistil, pollen fertilizes the egg, embryo forms within the seed.

Front 51

giberllins

Back 51

hormone stimulating cell division and elongation

Front 52

cytokinins

Back 52

ell division and fruit development

Front 53

abscisic acid

Back 53

openeing and closing of stomata

Front 54

ethylene

Back 54

ripening of fruit

Front 55

auxins

Back 55

growth factors

Front 56

tropism

Back 56

involuntary response of an organism to an external stimulus such as light water ets

Front 57

phototropic

Back 57

plants grow towards the light

Front 58

geotropic

Back 58

plant roots, go toward the center of the earth

Front 59

photoperiodocity

Back 59

plants respond to relative periods of light and darkness; encouraging growth and other reactions; causes flowering and growth at different times of year