Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
199 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
-hairs unique (stelta or peltate) (star shape or umbrella shape)
|
malvacea
|
|
|
flowers bisexual
|
malvaceae
solanaceae scrophularicaceae acanthaceae verbenaceae rhamnaceae aizoaceae |
|
|
flowers bisexual or unisexual
|
asteraceae
amaranthacea |
|
|
-sepals (5) &connate (valvate)
|
malvaceae
|
|
|
-main feature: many filaments fuse into a tube
|
malvacea
|
|
|
Ovaries Superior
|
malvaceae
|
|
|
Fruit (capsules, berries) (Schizocarp) (5 carpels’ is a fruit)
|
malvaceae
|
|
|
Cotton family
|
malvacea
|
|
|
-oils in glands in leaves
|
rutaceae
|
|
|
-sepals (4 or 5)
-petals (4 or 5) -calyx fuse |
rutaceae
|
|
|
-single style with large stigma
|
rutaceae
|
|
|
-seeds produce aero
-plants mostly monecious |
sapindaceae
|
|
|
-ovaries have 3 carpels (2 or 3 locules) or 1 drupe, carpel at base
|
sapindaceae
|
|
|
-leaves alternate or opposite-stamens (8 or 10)
|
sapindaceae
|
|
|
compund leaves
|
sapindaceae
|
|
|
-radial symmetry
-stamens (5) -epipetales (on top of petals) |
solanaceae
|
|
|
-singular pistil
flower bisexual |
solanaceae
|
|
|
-trophpain
sepals 5 and connate (fuse) -superior ovary |
solanaceae
|
|
|
-almost always tropical, sometimes temperate
-sepals (5) -stamens (5) |
convulculaceae
|
|
|
-flowers radial symmetrical
-five free speals (unlike solancae) -filaments |
convulculaceae
|
|
|
-superior ovary, 2 ovaries per locule
calyx distint |
convulculaceae
|
|
|
-leaves etire or serrate
-4 parted lobe ovary -inflorensce, indeterminate |
boraginaceae
|
|
|
-petals (5)
-carpels (2) -leaves etire or serrate |
boraginaceae
|
|
|
One distinct chararestic:-style, gynobasic-style at base of gynocium (ovary)
|
boraginaceae
|
|
|
-sepals free, connate
-stamens (5) -superior ovary |
boraginaceae
|
|
|
-calyx (connate) and color
-follicles, capsule/ suture -2 ovaries coming out of one flower |
*Asclepidaceae
|
|
|
Distinct characteristic: fuse anthers forming a corona, produces seed with hairs, wind disperse seeds
|
*Asclepidaceae
|
|
|
-doesn’t shed pollen, puts anther sac of one stamen, produce 2 into a pollinium.
|
*Asclepidaceae
|
|
|
-fruit quite distinct
-unique ovary (aporcarpus) |
*Asclepidaceae
|
|
|
-Deer tongue family, because style hairy
|
*Scrophulariaceae
|
|
|
-petals (4 or 5)
-2, 4, 5 stamens |
*Scrophulariaceae
|
|
|
-stamen fused to tube
-5 lobes |
*Scrophulariaceae
|
|
|
-temperate/tropics
-leaves alternate or opposite -slightly zygomorphic |
*Scrophulariaceae
|
|
|
tubular & bilateral symmetrical
|
*Scrophulariaceae
|
|
|
-(sterile) stamnoid
|
*Scrophulariaceae
|
|
|
-basal, axile or free-central
|
*Scrophulariaceae
|
|
|
-bilateral symmetrical corollas
-4 stamens |
Bignoraciae
|
|
|
-bilateral symmetrical corollas
Unique chara: -seeds winged |
Bignoraciae
|
|
|
-4 stamens, epipetales
-lost corolla |
Oleaceae
|
|
|
-sepals (4)/ petals (4 or absent)
-carpels (2) |
Oleaceae
|
|
|
-simple or compound pinnate leaves
-monoecious or diecouous |
Oleaceae
|
|
|
-2 stamens
-fruit (drupe, berry, samaras) -flowers bi or unisexual |
Oleaceae
|
|
|
-opposite leaves
-superior ovary -bracks |
*Acanthaceae (water willow)
|
|
|
-petals (5) connate
-stamens (4) -carpels (2) |
*Acanthaceae (water willow)
|
|
|
-2 lip bilateral symmetrical
-flowers bisexual/ bilateral symmetrical |
*Acanthaceae (water willow)
|
|
|
-fruit enlongate/explosive
|
*Acanthaceae (water willow)
|
|
|
-dervied from 5 petals
-sepals (4 or 5) -flowers 2 |
*Acanthaceae (water willow)
|
|
|
-filaments fuse
-ovaries (2-10) |
*Acanthaceae (water willow)
|
|
|
Distinct chara: seeds (flatten) disc shape
|
*Acanthaceae (water willow)
|
|
|
-ethers oils (folate oils) (smelly)
|
Verbnaceae (frog fruit, Texas lantana)
|
|
|
-opposite or whorl leaves or serrate (toothed)
|
Verbnaceae (frog fruit, Texas lantana)
|
|
|
-flowers small/bisexual
-corolla irregular, slighty bilateral zygomorphic |
Verbnaceae (frog fruit, Texas lantana)
|
|
|
-fruit drupe or schizocarpe
-always opposite leaves |
Verbnaceae (frog fruit, Texas lantana)
|
|
|
-square stems/ stinky hairy become oils
-inflorescence (spikes or head) |
Verbnaceae (frog fruit, Texas lantana)
|
|
|
-sepals 5, connate
-stamens (4) |
Verbnaceae (frog fruit, Texas lantana)
|
|
|
Family chara: terminal/style in ovary
|
Verbnaceae (frog fruit, Texas lantana)
|
|
|
-tubular calyx
-temper tropics |
*Laminaceae (peppermint, spearmint, basal, rosemary)
|
|
|
-square stems
-opposite leaves, serrate margins |
*Laminaceae (peppermint, spearmint, basal, rosemary)
|
|
|
Distinct chara: style gynobasic different than verbaceae –connate, bilateral symmetrical
|
*Laminaceae (peppermint, spearmint, basal, rosemary)
|
|
|
-produces bitter compounds
-ovary matures into acene |
*Asteraceae (lettuce, sunflower)
|
|
|
-Anthers fused connate
-style branches 2, incurrent |
*Asteraceae (lettuce, sunflower)
|
|
|
-Ray florets (irregular)
-disc florets (radial symmetrical) |
*Asteraceae (lettuce, sunflower)
|
|
|
-leaves opposite, alternate, whorled
-flowers bisexual or unisexual |
*Asteraceae (lettuce, sunflower)
|
|
|
radial/bilateral sym
|
*Asteraceae (lettuce, sunflower)
|
|
|
-corolla always tubular
-5 segments fuse to one side |
*Asteraceae (lettuce, sunflower)
|
|
|
-sepals reduce to scale, modified pappus
|
*Asteraceae (lettuce, sunflower)
|
|
|
-inflorescence is a cluster of very small flowers head, phyllaries bracks not sepals
|
*Asteraceae (lettuce, sunflower)
|
|
|
-starfruit (yellow, enlongated fruit)
|
*Oxalis/ Oxaliadaceae
|
|
|
-palmately compound leaves
-fruit normally capsule/sometimes a berry |
*Oxalis/ Oxaliadaceae
|
|
|
Family chara:-long and short stamens/ style (3)
-mostly herbs with swollen rhizome and fleshy |
*Oxalis/ Oxaliadaceae
|
|
|
-sepals (5 and free) petals (5 and free)
-carpels (5 or 10) pinatmrous family -5-10 stigmas |
*Oxalis/ Oxaliadaceae
|
|
|
-claw petals
-5-3 sepals/ petals |
Malphagaceae
|
|
|
-very widespread
-cosmopolitan plant |
*Euphorbiaceae
|
|
|
-Caster bean plant
-produces white latex |
*Euphorbiaceae
|
|
|
-glandular leaves (in oil nausea compounds)
-gynophore |
*Euphorbiaceae
|
|
|
-gynophore
-female raises out of flower |
*Euphorbiaceae
|
|
|
-3 lobe with 3 carpels
-petals 0-5 -3-lobed fruit |
*Euphorbiaceae
|
|
|
-females connect to male
-croton plant |
*Euphorbiaceae
|
|
|
-flowers unisexual/bisexual
Capsule (sessile carp) |
*Euphorbiaceae
|
|
|
-use ants for dispersal
-nectar |
*Euphorbiaceae
|
|
|
-plant usually poisonous
-Tabithaoca (produces starch) |
*Euphorbiaceae
|
|
|
-high yield carbohydrates
-succleuent plants (does well in desert areas) |
*Euphorbiaceae
|
|
|
-leaves alternate, rarely opposite
-Inflorescence very complicated |
*Euphorbiaceae
|
|
|
Strong chara: 3 stigmas/ 6-style branches
-bracks not true petals |
*Euphorbiaceae
|
|
|
-pericarp opens from bottom with placenta persistent and valves will fall off
-dicot/monocot |
*Euphorbiaceae
|
|
|
-seeds (aril) (have oil) ants pick up aril take seeds with them
-yellow flower (oil bearing nectar) |
*Euphorbiaceae
|
|
|
what are *Three groups of legumes
|
*Papilionoids
*Mimosoids *Caesalpinoids |
|
|
Corolla irregular (bilateral symmetry) 2 petals
|
*Papilionoids
|
|
|
Filaments fused (inside keel) fused into 1 or 2 clusters
|
*Papilionoids
|
|
|
Forming a keel and standard stamen
|
*Papilionoids
|
|
|
nitrogen fixation, high in protein legume capsule with 2 sutres/schizocarp indheiscent
|
*Papilionoids
|
|
|
Corolla small, regular (radially symmetry)
|
*Mimosoids
|
|
|
Forming a tube/ leaves bipinnate
|
*Mimosoids
|
|
|
Stamens free, colorful and numerous (have heads)
|
*Mimosoids
|
|
|
Crolla regular or slight irregular
Petals free and almost equal |
*Caesalpinoids
|
|
|
3 stamnoids
5 free petals with large anthers |
*Caesalpinoids
|
|
|
Leaves once or twice compound
Stamens unequal and free (different sizes) |
*Caesalpinoids
|
|
|
-buck thorn
-like legumes fix nitrogen |
*Rhamaceae
|
|
|
-leaves alternate/sometimes opposite
-flowers bisexual |
*Rhamaceae
|
|
|
-4-5 petals
-stamens opposite petals -sepals (valvate) |
*Rhamaceae
|
|
|
-disc like form by petals/sepals
-valvate (margins glued together) |
*Rhamaceae
|
|
|
-fruit drupe or sessile carp
-petals connate |
*Rhamaceae
|
|
|
-trees
-leaves always alternate -leaves 2 ranked -always simple and serrate |
*Ulmaceae(cedar elm/celtis)
|
|
|
-tooth margins
-pinnate ventation |
*Ulmaceae(cedar elm/celtis)
|
|
|
-leaf base oblique
-flowers bi or unisexual |
*Ulmaceae(cedar elm/celtis)
|
|
|
-drupe or samara (fruit)
- malberry |
*Ulmaceae(cedar elm/celtis)
|
|
|
-simple leaves dentate
-spike, no petals - tepals, 4-9 |
*Ulmaceae(cedar elm/celtis)
|
|
|
-many flowers together
-fig (head instead of spike) |
*Ulmaceae(cedar elm/celtis)
|
|
|
-flobal, temperate family
-trees or shrubs |
Fagaceae
|
|
|
-lobe or ateria
-wind pollinated, monecious plants |
Fagaceae
|
|
|
-leaves alternate/spiral arrangement
-pinnate ventation |
Fagaceae
|
|
|
-Catain (long drupes, spike)
-Valvate |
Fagaceae
|
|
|
-trees or shrubs
- chestnut |
Fagaceae
|
|
|
-related to primrose/ crape mertle
|
Lythraceae
|
|
|
-superior ovary
-opposite leaves -flowers are perfect |
Lythraceae
|
|
|
-sepals valvate
-fruit (dry dehiscent capsule) berry |
Lythraceae
|
|
|
-distyle
-petals (4-8) |
Lythraceae
|
|
|
-petals often crumpled
-clawed wrinkled |
Lythraceae
|
|
|
-woody stems
-leaves folded |
Arecales (palms, areaceae)
|
|
|
-inflorescence spathate
-fruit a drupe |
Arecales (palms, areaceae)
|
|
|
no secondary growth
|
Arecales (palms, areaceae)
|
|
|
-woody trunk
-flowers both female and male, unisexual flowers/can be bisexual |
Arecales (palms, areaceae)
|
|
|
-can build base of house (important for house plants)
-advance vegetation |
Arecales (palms, areaceae)
|
|
|
-pollen grains determine primitive
|
Arecales (palms, areaceae)
|
|
|
-typical monocot
big blue blossoms |
*Commenliaceae (genus)
|
|
|
-6 stamens
-3 petals/ 3 sepals |
*Commenliaceae (genus)
|
|
|
-lots of modification of unique stamens morphological
-mostly tropical and temperate |
*Commenliaceae (genus)
|
|
|
-nice ornamentals
|
*Commenliaceae (genus)
|
|
|
-succuleuent leaves (have a lot of wax)
-resistant to drought -leaves alternate |
*Commenliaceae (genus)
|
|
|
-2 rank
-leaf base clasping -leaves folder in center |
*Commenliaceae (genus)
|
|
|
-infloresecne has sucllent leaf brack
Flowers bisexual, sometimes radical -stamonoide (sterile) |
*Commenliaceae (genus)
|
|
|
Not woody
Common throughout valley |
Ponderiaceae(Aquatic plant)
|
|
|
From amazon river, have problem choking out native plants
Prickle weed Smaller flower Small family |
Ponderiaceae(Aquatic plant)
|
|
|
Monocot with paraell ventation
Blade waxy and pellicular Root sysem porfinous |
Ponderiaceae(Aquatic plant)
|
|
|
-6 stamens
-tepals (6) Modified petal |
Ponderiaceae(Aquatic plant)
|
|
|
Efficient in picking nutrition in water
|
Ponderiaceae(Aquatic plant)
|
|
|
Form a tube (tubular) similar
Adnate to tube (fused stamens to tube) |
Ponderiaceae(Aquatic plant)
|
|
|
-plant turns red to attract hummingbirds
-ball moss -spanish moss (flowering plant) related to pineapple |
*Bromanicaceae
|
|
|
Herbs that form rosette or leaves
|
*Bromanicaceae
|
|
|
Leaves serve as a cup to catch failing leaf vegetation matter
Many have scales Rosette form use a tube to absorb |
*Bromanicaceae
|
|
|
Spiral leaves to form rosette
Terminal inflorescence (compound) Bracks (bright) |
*Bromanicaceae
|
|
|
6 petals, 3 sepals, 3 tepals
Fruit is a capsule |
*Bromanicaceae
|
|
|
Pineapple produces berry, inflorsence has a lot of berries
|
*Bromanicaceae
|
|
|
Long leaves
Males flowers top (stamens) Females flowers fruits bottom |
*Cattail (Polales)
|
|
|
Become highly modified
Wind pollinated 2 found in valley |
*Cattail (Polales)
|
|
|
Have scaley rhizmomes, producing herb
Leaves emerging Stem submerge |
*Cattail (Polales)
|
|
|
Leaves alternate, 2 rank leaves
Sheathing leaf base Has morphology of grass |
*Cattail (Polales)
|
|
|
Flowers imperfect
Tepals brassles Small seed stuck on, fruit blown away when fall apart |
*Cattail (Polales)
|
|
|
Stamens can be 1-8
Carpels (3)only one is functional |
*Cattail (Polales)
|
|
|
Known as rushes or bulrush (not a grass, but related to grass family)
Distinctive flowers, diagnostic vegetation |
*Junaceae
|
|
|
Stems not grass like
Grow by stream sides |
*Junaceae
|
|
|
Herbs, tall, not woody
Rhizome underground Stems round and solid |
*Junaceae
|
|
|
Sheathing like grasses
Inflorsence terminal and branch flowers bisexual Round stems |
*Junaceae
|
|
|
Leaves alternate/ 3 rank forms 3 rows
6 tepals 6 perianth parts |
*Junaceae
|
|
|
Free parts, 3locules many seeds
Stamens 3 or 6 Carpels 3 or fused Style branches 3 |
*Junaceae
|
|
|
Immature lily
Fruit/flowers |
*Junaceae
|
|
|
First plant that made paper
|
*Cyperaceae
|
|
|
Sedges have edges
Leaves triangular Flowers bisexual |
*Cyperaceae
|
|
|
Monocious with imperfect flowers
Some sedges are diaceous |
*Cyperaceae
|
|
|
3 angle stems
Sedges have 3 ranked leaves Stamens 1-3 ovule (singular) |
*Cyperaceae
|
|
|
No tepals, locule to mature flower
Rhizome producing herbs Leaves sheathing |
*Cyperaceae
|
|
|
Fruit acene
Looks like a grass |
*Cyperaceae
|
|
|
Adapted to fire, grazers, droughts
Herbaceous, send up leaf blade |
*Poaceae
|
|
|
Aerorile roots
-jointed stems round Stems have no edges |
*Poaceae
|
|
|
Leaf sheathing
Inflorescence (highly modified) Distinctive feature of grasses (bisexual or unisexual) |
*Poaceae
|
|
|
reproductive units: spikelets
Wheat, rice, oaks, corn, sugarcane |
*Poaceae
|
|
|
2 base almost bracks
|
*Poaceae
|
|
|
2-rank rows of leaves
Stamens 1-6 (usually 3) Stigmas (feathery) 3 stamens with spikelet |
*Poaceae
|
|
|
Fruit not achene
Caryposis (fruit fused with pericarp |
*Poaceae
|
|
|
Pigeon berry
Inflorescene raceme or spikery |
*Phylloaceae
|
|
|
Radial symmetrical
Stamens filamentous |
*Phylloaceae
|
|
|
Synamorphy
Basal or free-central placentation Ovulues connected to placenta/flat |
*Phylloaceae
|
|
|
Simple flowers
Sepals (5) 10 petals |
*Phylloaceae
|
|
|
Red pigment to stem
Balem Important economically |
*Amarthaceae
|
|
|
Eat acene
Full of proteins and starches |
*Amarthaceae
|
|
|
Inflorescence terminal
Flowers bisexual or unisexual |
*Amarthaceae
|
|
|
Tepals 3 to 5
Very reduce (hard or shafty) |
*Amarthaceae
|
|
|
Hard perianth segments
|
*Amarthaceae
|
|
|
Distinct chara: opposite to tepals
|
*Amarthaceae
|
|
|
Found in salty areas or rocky
Simple leaves |
Aizoaceae (ice plants)
|
|
|
Inflorescence terminal
Flowers bisexual or unisexual |
*Amarthaceae
|
|
|
Flowers solitary (no inflorescecnce)
Locules |
Aizoaceae (ice plants)
|
|
|
Stamens 5 to numerous
Succulent herbs |
Aizoaceae (ice plants)
|
|
|
Tepals 3 to 5
Very reduce (hard or shafty) |
*Amarthaceae
|
|
|
Distinct chara: opposite leaves
Flowers bisexual Ovary inferior Sub inferior ovary |
Aizoaceae (ice plants)
|
|
|
Hard perianth segments
|
*Amarthaceae
|
|
|
Fruit is a capsule
|
Aizoaceae (ice plants)
|
|
|
Balem
Spiny (woody or herbicous plants) Modified lateral monocots |
*Cataceae
|
|
|
Distinct chara: opposite to tepals
|
*Amarthaceae
|
|
|
Found in salty areas or rocky
Simple leaves |
Aizoaceae (ice plants)
|
|
|
Flowers solitary (no inflorescecnce)
Locules |
Aizoaceae (ice plants)
|
|
|
Stamens 5 to numerous
Succulent herbs |
Aizoaceae (ice plants)
|
|
|
Distinct chara: opposite leaves
Flowers bisexual Ovary inferior Sub inferior ovary |
Aizoaceae (ice plants)
|
|
|
Fruit is a capsule
|
Aizoaceae (ice plants)
|
|
|
Balem
Spiny (woody or herbicous plants) Modified lateral monocots |
*Cataceae
|
|
|
Lateral shoot (aerioles)
Numerous tepals Numerous stamens |
*Cataceae
|
|
|
Bright balletic pigments
Succulent stems with aerioles Lost leaves |
*Cataceae
|
|
|
Stem photosynthetic
Lateral stem Flatten stem |
*Cataceae
|
|
|
Fruit berry(fleshy and indehiscent)
|
*Cataceae
|
