Plant Structure, Growth And Development

Front 1

1. A plant contains a ____ and a ____ system

2. The _____ system consists of ____ and ____ while the ____ system consists of ____

Back 1

1. root, shoot

2. shoot, stems, leaves, root, roots

Front 2

What are the characteristics of the shoot system?

Back 2

-absorbs light and CO2
-photosynthetic
-reproductive shoots bear flowers (modified leaves) for sexual reproduction (in angiosperms)

Front 3

What are the characteristics of the root system?

Back 3

-absorbs water and minerals from the soil (root hairs)
-non-photosynthetic
-anchors vascular plant in soil
-storage organ (tap root)

Front 4

1. _____ and ______ flow in the xylem while ____ flow in the phloem

The contents of the phloem flow _____ while the contents of the xylem flow ______

Back 4

1. Water, minerals, sugars (food)

2. bidirectionally, unidirectionally

Front 5

Name and explain 4 evolutionary adaptations of roots

Back 5

1. Prop roots & buttress roots = provide structural support, holding trees up in shallow and unstable grounds

2. storage roots = store food and water (e.g. radish and carrots)

3. Pneumataphores = project above the surface in swamps to obtain O2

4. Aerial roots = sent out by strangler fig seedlings growing in tree tops

Front 6

Name and explain 4 adaptations of shoots or stems

Back 6

Rhizomes - horizontal shoots which grow underground

Bulbs - vertical underground shoots consisting of large leaf bases which stores food

Stolons - horizontal shoots growing along the aurface giving rise to new plants (asexual reproduction)

Tubers - enlarged ends of rhizomes or stolons ("eyes" are axilliary buds marking nodes on shoots)

Stolons - horizontal shoots growing along the surface giving rise to new plants (asexual reproductions)

Front 7

All tissue systems in plants have ____, _____, and _____ tissue

Back 7

dermal, ground, vascular

Front 8

What is dermal tissue?

In ____ _____ plants, the epidermis can have a _____ _____ on leaves and stems to reduce _____ _____

Back 8

Plants outer protective covering

non woody, waxy cuticle, water loss

Front 9

What are the two types of vascular tissue?

Back 9

Xylem and Phloem

Front 10

What is ground tissue?

Ground tissue that is _____ to vascular tissue is called _____

Ground tissue that is _____ to vascular tissue is called _____ and specialized for _____

Back 10

Any other tissue that is not dermal or vascular, specialized in storage

2. internal, pith

3. external, cortex

Front 11

What are parenchyma cells?

Back 11

-Thin flexible primary cell walls
-lack secondary cell walls
-large central vacuoles
-perform most of metabolic activity of the cell
-fleshy part of most fruits

Front 12

What are collenchyma cells

Back 12

-support for young parts of plants
-have thicker primary cell walls
-strings of celery

Front 13

Scelerenchyma cells

Back 13

-thick secondary cell walls with lots of lignin
-dead at maturity
-form wood, hard shells of nuts