Plant Science Final

Front 1

Major Purposes of land preparation include all except

Back 1

Loosen soil to allow displacement where need

Front 2

the "ideal sol is often considered to consist of ___ soil and ____ open or pore space. Of the pore space____% is small enough to hold water

Back 2

50, 50 , 50

Front 3

A _____ reduces soil clod sizes after disking, smooths the soul surface, does small scale leveling

Back 3

Harrow

Front 4

Methods of soul conservation include

Back 4

Using grassed waterway, Strip cropping, Minimum tillage, plowing on the contour

Front 5

Soul degradation includes

Back 5

salination, compaction, accelerated erosion and loss of organic matter.

Front 6

the loss of organic matter with regular tillage may eventually lead to deterioration of soul structure and loss of water holding capacity

Back 6

true

Front 7

_______ is an instrument that measure the soul moisture tension

Back 7

Tensiometer

Front 8

_____ irrigation is a greenhouse irrigation system consisting of small tubes ( like an IV tube) that supply water directly to each pot

Back 8

Trickle or drip

Front 9

______ irrigation is an outdoor surface irrigation system used for row crops

Back 9

Furrow

Front 10

_____ is the use of agronomic or horticultural practices that favor plant development and minimize pest or pathogen activity

Back 10

Cultural practices

Front 11

Which of the following weed control methods are considered 'organic'?

Back 11

Mechanical cultivation, burning, hay mulch

Front 12

____ is defined as subptimal plant growth brought about by a continuous irritant such as a ______ or via chronic exposure to less the ideal growing conditions. In contrast injury is the loss of plant vigor from an instantaneous event . ie. a lightning strike

Back 12

Disease/ Pathogen

Front 13

Fungi cause _____ plant diseases than all of the other organisms combined. Fungi can be beneficial by participating in the _____ _______ decaying organic matter, converting it to plant nutrients

Back 13

More/ Biological cycles

Front 14

______ involves the use of crop row spacing crop rotation flooding, mechanical, cultivation, fire and mulches to enhance the crops ability to compete with weeds

Back 14

Cultural weed control

Front 15

Plant____ require a wound in order to enter the plant cells. Once inside they can move freely from cell to cell via the ____

Back 15

Virus, Plasodesmata

Front 16

In an ecosystem with a complete vegetation cover (canopy) competition among plants will most likely be for:

Back 16

Light

Front 17

Recycling in ecosystems is mainly carried out by

Back 17

Saprophytes and detritivores

Front 18

Alexander von Humboldt was the first to notice that

Back 18

similar vegetation grew in areas with similar climate around the globe

Front 19

Convergent global air currents at 60 degrees latitude and divergent global air currents at 30 degrees latitude:

Back 19

Bring rainfall and dry conditions, respectively

Front 20

A collection of ecosystems with similar climate, soil and plant composition are called:

Back 20

Biomes

Front 21

An easy cropping practice that reduces topsoil losses is to ___________ instead of up and down the hill

Back 21

Plowing on the contour

Front 22

_______ removes excess soil water, increasing air & oxygen concentration in the soil

Back 22

Drainage

Front 23

Repeated additions of _________ provide constant food and raw materials to soil organisms

Back 23

Organic Matter

Front 24

_______ are the most serious vertebrate pests, however deer, mice, gophers, squirrels, rabbits, nutria rats, beaver, raccoons, and various birds may also becomes pests

Back 24

Rats

Front 25

Those growing plants much have a firm understanding of weed science, _________ and have to learn how to manage plant pests or otherwise minimize plant losses caused by important plant pest

Back 25

Entemology/ Plant pathology

Front 26

Annual weeds are generally propagated by ______, while perennial weeds are regenerated int eh same way and by ________

Back 26

Seed/ Vegetative propagules

Front 27

________ is the use of pesticides to suppress or inhibit pest/pathogen activities

Back 27

Chemical applications

Front 28

__________ of the crop plant to the pest may be the only cost effective pest control when growing large-acreage field crops like corn, soybeans, grains, and cotton.

Back 28

Genetic host resistance

Front 29

________ is the use of beneficial or antagonistic organisms that kill or suppress plant pest or pathogens

Back 29

Biological control

Front 30

The lands between______ and ______ consists of _______

Back 30

Deserts/ Forests/ Grasslands

Front 31

Which of the following is correctly ordered from the smallest scale to largest scale.

Back 31

Individual species- communities-habitats-ecosystmes- biomes

Front 32

_______ is the main influence on vegetation type

Back 32

Climate

Front 33

The Hadley cell is a circulation of rising air and precipitation over the_________

Back 33

Equator

Front 34

Which of the following are known to support mutually beneficial associations?

Back 34

Both Lichens and Rhizobium

Front 35

_________ occurs when more than one organism draws on a resource that is in short supply.

Back 35

Competition

Front 36

The _______ reduces labor by moving pipe across the field with a small gasoline engine

Back 36

Wheel-line irrigation system

Front 37

The pH of acid soul can be increased by adding ______

Back 37

Calcium Carbonate

Front 38

to maintain or improve soul fertility nutrients much be aded in amounts _____ those removed by crop harvest

Back 38

Equal to or greater than

Front 39

______ is defined as mechanical manipulation of soul to provide a favorable environment for crop growth

Back 39

Tillage

Front 40

Instead of plowing disking and otherwise cultivating to remove old vegetations _________ are used to kill the vegetation which is left in place

Back 40

Herbicides

Front 41

Most insects have ______ economic impact on humans. Actually only _____% ever reach pest status

Back 41

No/ 5%

Front 42

A _______ refers to a subpopulation of plants within a species differing only slightly from the general population

Back 42

Biotype

Front 43

Cultural practices in pest management favor plant development and minimize pest or pathogen activity. These practices include tillage practices, water management, __________, ________ and sanitation.

Back 43

Fertility/ Crop rotation

Front 44

________ turns arid lands to desert

Back 44

Overgrazing

Front 45

Crop production systems that are distinctly different from the locale's preexisting biome are more difficult to sustain.

Back 45

True

Front 46

A mutually beneficial relationship between two organisms is called a ________

Back 46

symbiotic association

Front 47

______ exist when a resource is partitioned so that different portions are accessible to certain species

Back 47

Niche

Front 48

After rainforest is cleared for agriculture, you may grow crops short term, because nutrients are rapidly ________

Back 48

exhausted

Front 49

Wetlands are ______ ________ _________ providing refuge for animals, and supplying moisture to plants and animals during dry times

Back 49

Ecological buffer zones

Front 50

Major Purposes of land preparation include all except

Back 50

Loosen soul to allow displacement where needed

Front 51

Methods of soil conservation include

Back 51

Strip cropping, plowing on the contour, using grassed waterway, minimum tillage

Front 52

Soul degradation includes

Back 52

Salinization, Loss of orgainic matter, Comaction , Accelerated Erosion

Front 53

Vermiculite

Back 53

Inorganic

Front 54

Peat moss

Back 54

Organic

Front 55

Bagasse

Back 55

Orgnaic

Front 56

Calcined Clay

Back 56

Inorganic

Front 57

Coir

Back 57

Organic

Front 58

Perlite

Back 58

Inorganic

Front 59

Rock Wool

Back 59

Inorganic

Front 60

___________ is an instrument that measure the soul moisture tension

Back 60

Tensiometer

Front 61

________ is the use of agronomic or horticultural practives that favor plant development and minimize pest or pathogen activity

Back 61

Cultural practices

Front 62

Which of the following weed control methods are considered organic

Back 62

Mechanical Cultivation, Hay Mulch, Burning

Front 63

Most bacteria are _____ being involved in may diverse useful processes like digestion in animals, N fixation and decomposition of plant and animal remains

Back 63

Beneficial

Front 64

_________ is defined as suboptimal plant growth brought about by continuos irritant such as a _______ or via chronic exposure to less that ideal growing conditions. IN contrast injury is the loss of plant vigor from an instantaneous event

Back 64

Disease/ Pathogen

Front 65

Fungi cause _____ plant diseases than all of the other organisms combined. Fungi can be beneficial by participating in the ______ ________ decaying organic matter, converting it to plant nutrients

Back 65

Disease/ Pathogen

Front 66

17. Genetically resistant plants may occur naturally or through classical plant breeding programs, or may be derived through the use of molecular biology techniques commonly called __________.

Back 66

GMO

Front 67

18. Because of the potential dangers of pesticides use to humans, the environment, food products, farm and domestic animals, wildlife, beneficial insects, and the atmosphere, pesticides are considered ___________ method of managing harmful insects and plant diseases.

Back 67

Least Desirable

Front 68

19. Plant ________ requires a wound in order to enter the plant cells. Once inside they can move freely from cell to cell via the _________.

Back 68

Virus/ Plasmogesmata

Front 69

20. What involves the use of crop row spacing, crop rotation, flooding, mechanical cultivation, fire and mulches to enhance the crop’s ability to compete with weeds?

Back 69

Cultural Weed Control

Front 70

21. In an ecosystem with a complete vegetation cover (canopy), competition among plants will most likely be for:

Back 70

Light

Front 71

22. Recycling in ecosystems is mainly carried out by _______________.

Back 71

Saprohytes and Detritivors

Front 72

23. Alexander von Humboldt was the first to notice that:

Back 72

Similar vegetation grew in areas with similar climate around the globe

Front 73

24. Convergent global air currents at 60 degrees latitude and divergent global air currents at 30 degrees latitude:

Back 73

Bring rainfall and dry conditions respectively

Front 74

25. A collection of ecosystems with similar climate, soil, and plant composition are called:

Back 74

Biomes

Front 75

37. ______________ is a method to control (manage) pest that should be used as a last resort in a sustainable agricultural integrated pest management system.

Back 75

Pesticide

Front 76

40. Crop production systems that are distinctly different from the locale’s preexisting biome are more difficult to sustain.

Back 76

True

Front 77

41. Because of high growth rates in tropical rainforests, _____________ are rapidly take up by plants and rapidly ___________ in the soil.

Back 77

Nutrients cycled

Front 78

42. ___________ exists when a resource is partitioned so that different portions are accessible to certain species.

Back 78

Niche

Front 79

43. Which of the following are known to support mutually beneficial associatios?

Back 79

Both Lichens and Rhizoobium

Front 80

44. At the equator, warm temperatures and high moisture result in ___________ _____________, the most productive biome on Earth.

Back 80

Tropical Rainforest

Front 81

46. The pH of acid soil can be increased by adding __________.

Back 81

Calcium carbonate

Front 82

49. Annual weeds are generally propagated by ___________, while perennial weeds are regenerated in the same way and by _________.

Back 82

Seed/ Vegetative propagules

Front 83

51. __________ is the use of pesticides to suppress or inhibit pest/pathogen activities.

Back 83

Chemical Applications

Front 84

53. A huge problem using insecticides to control insect pests is ___________.

Back 84

The insects quickly develop resistance to chemicals

Front 85

56. After rainforest is cleared for agriculture you may grow crops short term, because nutrients are rapidly ___________.

Back 85

Exhausted

Front 86

58. The lands between ___________ and _________ consists of _________.

Back 86

Deserts/ Forest/ Grasslands

Front 87

59. The two largest terrestrial biomes in the world are ________ and ________.

Back 87

Boreal Forest, Tundra

Front 88

60. A mutually beneficial relationship between two organisms is called a ___________.

Back 88

Symbiotic Association

Front 89

2. Level land is less likely to erode from water than sloping land—but can be more vulnerable to ________.

Back 89

wind erosion

Front 90

5. ___________removes excess soil water, increasing air & oxygen concentration in the soil. ()

Back 90

Drainage

Front 91

11. Genetically resistant plants may occur naturally, or through classical plant breeding programs, or may be derived through the use of molecular biology techniques commonly called ________.

Back 91

GMO

Front 92

12. The use of __________ to control weeds in _________ crops is greatly expanding the use of herbicides to control weeds.

Back 92

Chemical weed control/ Herbicide resistant GMO

Front 93

22. _________removes soil faster than new soil can form, reducing productive topsoil depth. )

Back 93

Accelerated erosion

Front 94

27. A weed is described as a plant __________.

Back 94

out of place

Front 95

29. __________ are single celled, microscopic, prokaryotic, organisms classified by cell shapes. (.)

Back 95

Bacteria

Front 96

33. Most insects have __________ economic impact on humans. Actually only _____% ever reach pest status.

Back 96

no / 5

Front 97

37. Because of high growth rates in tropical rainforests, ________ are rapidly taken up by plants and rapidly ________ in the soil.

Back 97

nutrients/ cycled

Front 98

____________is related to introduction of cropping and irrigation practices into arid/semiarid & saltwater coastal regions.

Back 98

Salinization

Front 99

A ______________ is sometimes used in seedbed preparation because it is effective in breaking up soil crusts, reducing clod sizes, and destroying small weeds.

Back 99

Spring Tooth harrow

Front 100

Establishing a deeply rooting permanent cover crop, such as a mixed grass-alfalfa cover crop, can do all except:

Back 100

Provide shading for other crops

Front 101

_________ are simple, microscopic, multicellular animals; typically containing 1000 or fewer cells. Most are not pathogens but rather are______________.

Back 101

Nematodes/ saprophytes

Front 102

Most insects have __________ economic impact on humans. Actually only _____% ever reach pest status.

Back 102

title/ 13

Front 103

__________mouthparts may be sucking, chewing, or rasping-sucking.

Back 103

Insects

Front 104

Weed _________ may provide information that increases our capacity to use biological methods to control weeds.

Back 104

ecology

Front 105

The Hadley Cell is a circulation of rising air and precipitation over the ______.

Back 105

Equator

Front 106

A series of _____ systems or belts of surface winds in each hemisphere determines the patterns of precipitation and vegetation.

Back 106

3.3

Front 107

Wetlands are __________ __________ _________ providing refuge for animals, and supplying moisture to plants and animals during dry times.

Back 107

Ecological buffer zones

Front 108

The largest biome on earth is the ________.

Back 108

desert

Front 109

Cultivation is tillage between seedling emergence and crop harvest, and serves all these function except:

Back 109

compact the soils

Front 110

Adding straw residue having a high C:N ratio (50:1) will result in a change in the soil’s C:N ratio.

Back 110

depress nitrogen availability

Front 111

A disease sign is when you observe a pathogen or part of a pathogen on an infested plant. A _________ is visual reactions of a plant as a result of disease.

Back 111

symptom

Front 112

Genetically resistant plants may occur naturally, or through classical plant breeding programs, or may be derived through the use of molecular biology techniques commonly called ________.

Back 112

GMO

Front 113

Annual weeds are generally propagated by _________, while perennial weeds are regenerated in the same way and by ___________.

Back 113

seed/ vegetative propagules

Front 114

_________- and _________ are important in maintaining a grassland ecosystem.

Back 114

Fire/ Grazing

Front 115

Because of high growth rates in tropical rainforests, ________ are rapidly taken up by plants and rapidly ________ in the soil.

Back 115

nutrients/ cycled

Front 116

Which of the following is correctly ordered from smallest scale to largest scale?

Back 116

individual species- communities-habitats-ecosystems-biomes

Front 117

The lands between _______ and ________ consists of ________.

Back 117

deserts/ forest/ grasslands

Front 118

2. To maintain or improve soil fertility, nutrients must be added in amounts ______ those removed by crop harvest.

Back 118

equal or greater than

Front 119

12. Bacteria cause ____ in various ways: some produce toxins, or produce enzymes that breakdown cells like pectinase that degrades the ____ in the soft rots, and others that develop in the xylem and block water uptake.

Back 119

(disease/middle lamella)

Front 120

21. ____ are primary tillage tools consisting of curved shanks spaced widely along a tool bar.

Back 120

(chisel plows)

Front 121

25. ____ is a method of freeing plants of the virus organism. This method involves keeping the virus-infested plant at 38 degrees C for 20-30 days.

Back 121

(heat therapy)

Front 122

34. In a grassland ____ growth is limited by lack of water. ()

Back 122

Tree