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10 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What is pollination?

Flowering plants use the wind, insects, bats, birds and mammals to transfer pollen from the male part (stamen) of the flower to the female part (stigma) of the flower

What is the process of pollination?

- Pollen in male anther matures


- Pollen is transferred to female stigma via wind or animals


- Pollen grain lands on stigma


- Pollen grain germinates and pollen tube grows down style towards ovary

What is the process of fertilisation?

- Pollen tube reaches ovary


- Male gamete travels down tube towards ovule


- Male gamete fuses with ovule


- Ovule develops into seed


- Ovary becomes fruit protecting seed

What are the characteristics of asexual reproduction?

- No fertilisation


- Only one parent


- No genetic variation

What are the types of asexual reproduction?

- Binary fission: splitting in 2 (mitosis). Eg bacterium


- Budding: new individual develops as outgrowth on parent organisms. Eg yeast cells


- Spore production: Spores produced during favourable conditions. Eg Fungi


- Regeneration: the ability to re-grow lost or damaged body parts. Eg hydro, planaria, starfish and earthworms.


- Vegetative reproduction: part of plant - root, stem, leaf - develops into new plant. Can be natural or artificial

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?

- Large number of offspring


- Reproduction process is fast


- Energy expenditure (no mates needed, no gametes produced)


- Offspring well-adapted to environment in which parent lives

What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

- No gentic variation


- All share the same weak characteristecs


- Mass reproduction can threaten environment

What are the characteristics of sexual reproduction?

- Fertilisation


- 2 parents


- Genetic variation


- 2 gametes fuse to form a zygote, containing genes from both parents

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?

- Genetic variation


- Possible better adaptations to changing environment


- Role in natural selection


- Better chance of survivors

What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

- High energy cost


- Need 2 parents


- Slower and longer process


- Young can be vulnerable


- Extended periods of parental care


- Plants may need pollinator