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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is pollination? |
Flowering plants use the wind, insects, bats, birds and mammals to transfer pollen from the male part (stamen) of the flower to the female part (stigma) of the flower |
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What is the process of pollination? |
- Pollen in male anther matures - Pollen is transferred to female stigma via wind or animals - Pollen grain lands on stigma - Pollen grain germinates and pollen tube grows down style towards ovary |
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What is the process of fertilisation? |
- Pollen tube reaches ovary - Male gamete travels down tube towards ovule - Male gamete fuses with ovule - Ovule develops into seed - Ovary becomes fruit protecting seed |
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What are the characteristics of asexual reproduction? |
- No fertilisation - Only one parent - No genetic variation |
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What are the types of asexual reproduction? |
- Binary fission: splitting in 2 (mitosis). Eg bacterium - Budding: new individual develops as outgrowth on parent organisms. Eg yeast cells - Spore production: Spores produced during favourable conditions. Eg Fungi - Regeneration: the ability to re-grow lost or damaged body parts. Eg hydro, planaria, starfish and earthworms. - Vegetative reproduction: part of plant - root, stem, leaf - develops into new plant. Can be natural or artificial |
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What are the advantages of asexual reproduction? |
- Large number of offspring - Reproduction process is fast - Energy expenditure (no mates needed, no gametes produced) - Offspring well-adapted to environment in which parent lives |
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What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction? |
- No gentic variation - All share the same weak characteristecs - Mass reproduction can threaten environment |
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What are the characteristics of sexual reproduction? |
- Fertilisation - 2 parents - Genetic variation - 2 gametes fuse to form a zygote, containing genes from both parents |
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What are the advantages of sexual reproduction? |
- Genetic variation - Possible better adaptations to changing environment - Role in natural selection - Better chance of survivors |
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What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction? |
- High energy cost - Need 2 parents - Slower and longer process - Young can be vulnerable - Extended periods of parental care - Plants may need pollinator |