Plant Nutrition And Structure

Front 1

Gibberellic Acid

Back 1

leads to seed germination, bud germination, stem elongation and flowring/fruiting. (basically a plant steroid)

Front 2

Auxin (indole acetic acid)

Back 2

Apical dominance, phototropism, stem elongation and gravitropism.

Front 3

Cytokinis

Back 3

promote cell division and lateral bud outgrowth. inhibits leaf senescence (aging).

Front 4

Brassinsteroids

Back 4

steroid hormone, supports growth of xylem, supports elongation of stems and pollen tubes, slows leaf abscision (falling off).

Front 5

Abscisic Acid (ABA)

Back 5

inhibits growth/stem elongation. supports seed dormancy, inhibits seed germination, closure of stomata in response to water stress

Front 6

Ethylene

Back 6

promotes fruit ripening, pro leaf abscision, pro senescence, slows stem elong., inhibits gravitropism.

Front 7

Hormones that respond to tissue damage and trigger plant defenses:

Back 7

1-oligosaccharins
2-jasmonates
3-systemin
4-salicylic acid

Front 8

Plants in Human nut., essentially fatty acids:

Back 8

1-linoleic acid
2-linolenic acid

Front 9

Photosynthesis: C_3_ plants

Back 9

Calvin Cycle, use RUBISCO ENZYME to fix carbon. Carbon is fixed into 3 carbon sugars.

Front 10

C4 plants

Back 10

dry environ., use PEP carboxylase to fix carbon into 4C sugar.

Front 11

CAM Plants

Back 11

live in environ with hi light intensity and low water. stomate clsd in the day, need night-time co2

Front 12

Carotenoids

Back 12

-carotenes
-xanothophylls

more wvlnghts of light avlbl, prtcts chlorophyll as an anti-oxidant.

Front 13

Flavonoid

Back 13

Absorb UV rad. in plants.

Front 14

parenchyma cells

Back 14

typical plant cells, thin and flexible. lack secondary walls.

Front 15

collenchyma

Back 15

thicker primary walls, these lack secondary walls, no lignin, meant to suport growing prts of the plant.

Front 16

sclerenchyma cells

Back 16

rigid cells meant to support made of lignin. dead at functional maturity. two types:

fibers-long, slender, tapered occur in bundles.

sclerids-short, irregular (nutshells)

Front 17

tracheids and vessel elements

Back 17

water conducting cells in the xylem, both dead.

Front 18

stele

Back 18

central vascular cylinder where the xylem and the phloem are located

Front 19

pith

Back 19

central core of parenchyma cells within the stele

Front 20

cortex

Back 20

region of the root between the stele and the epidermis

Front 21

endodermis

Back 21

innermost layer of the cortex

Front 22

endodermis

Back 22

innermost layer of the cortex

Front 23

pericycle

Back 23

outermost layer of the stele where lateral roots emerge.

Front 24

mesophyll

Back 24

ground tissue of a leaf sandwiched btwn the upper and lower epidermis

Front 25

vascular cambium

Back 25

prodct of secondary growth, meristimatic cells surrounding the xylem and pith produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem

Front 26

cork cambium

Back 26

prdct of secondary grwth, produces a, tough, thick covering for roots and stems that replaces the epidermis. Occurs in all gymnos but only dicots for angios.

Front 27

periderm

Back 27

made up of cork, cork cambium and phelloderm

Front 28

Phelloderm

Back 28

parenchyma cells that develop in the cork cambium