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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
fossil
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a preserved organism or portion thereof, or evidence of the organism’s existence
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paleobotany
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the study of plant fossils
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compression fossil
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a thin carbonaceous film exhibiting solely the gross outlines of, and surface features of plant parts, with little to no cellular detail
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coal
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crushed plant material
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impression fossil
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the pieces of rock which overlay a compression fossil, exhibiting an imprint of the compression
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mold
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sediment which bordered an intact plant or plant part and which later became lithified
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lithification
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hardening of sediment into rock
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cast
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lithified sediment within a mold after the disappearance of plant material
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cuticle
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acellular, waxlike deposit over epidermal cells
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epidermis
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outermost cell layer of plants
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petrifaction
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Plant material has been permanently infiltrated by minerals; cell walls carbonized or mineral-replaced
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Chemical fossil
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Chemical remains of organisms or their activities
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Amber
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Hardened resin produced by various conifers, angiosperms, and other seed plants
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fossil
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a preserved organism or portion thereof, or evidence of the organism’s existence
|
|
paleobotany
|
the study of plant fossils
|
|
compression fossil
|
a thin carbonaceous film exhibiting solely the gross outlines of, and surface features of plant parts, with little to no cellular detail
|
|
coal
|
crushed plant material
|
|
impression fossil
|
the pieces of rock which overlay a compression fossil, exhibiting an imprint of the compression
|
|
mold
|
sediment which bordered an intact plant or plant part and which later became lithified
|
|
lithification
|
hardening of sediment into rock
|
|
cast
|
lithified sediment within a mold after the disappearance of plant material
|
|
cuticle
|
acellular, waxlike deposit over epidermal cells
|
|
epidermis
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outermost cell layer of plants
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petrifaction
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Plant material has been permanently infiltrated by minerals; cell walls carbonized or mineral-replaced
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Chemical fossil
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Chemical remains of organisms or their activities
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Amber
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Hardened resin produced by various conifers, angiosperms, and other seed plants
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Vegetative organ
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Stem, root, or leaf
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Cross section
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Slice of an organ cut perpendicular to the long axis of the organ
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Longitudinal section
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Slice of an organ cut along the long axis of the organ
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Dermal system
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Tissue system consisting of solely the peripheralmost tissue(s) of any organ, i.e. epidermis w/stomata, periderm
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Periderm
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Several straight rows of cells present in some plants, situated immediately subjacent to the epidermis, between the epidermis and cortex; originates after epidermis, by divisions of peripheral cortex cells
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Stomata
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Modified kidney-shaped epidermal cells (guard cells) plus the stomatal pore between them, through which gases enter and leave the plant
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Vascular system
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Tissue system consisting of vascular (conducting) tissue
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Vascular bundles
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Strands of vascular tissues that extend vertically through the stem.
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Xylem
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Complex, water-conducting tissue
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Tracheary elements
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Dead xylem cells that appear empty, broad, and have thick, conspicuously red-staining walls; they conduct water
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Phloem
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Complex food-conducting tissue consisting of broad sieve tube elements and companion cells
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Sieve tube elements
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Broad, living phloem cell that conducts food
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Sieve plate
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Perforated cell walls at either up-down end of a sieve tube element
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Companion cells
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Narrow, living, densely-staining phloem cells
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Collateral bundle
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Bundle of vascular tissue in which the xylem is directed toward the center and the phloem is directed toward the periphery
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Bicollateral bundle
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Bundle of vascular tissue in which the phloem occurs both to the inside and to the outside the vascular bundle
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Vascular cambium
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Type of nonvascular tissue consisting of thin-walled cells that occurs between the xylem and phloem of each vascular bundle
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Fundamental system
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Tissue system consisting of all regions of the stem other than the dermal system and vascular system; a.k.a ground tissue
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Pith
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Centralmost core of ground tissue in the stem
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Cortex
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Region of ground tissue situated between the epidermis and the vascular tissue
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Interfascicular area
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Region of ground tissue situated between two adjacent vascular bundles, connecting the pith and cortex
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Parenchyma cells
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living, thin-walled cells of fundamental system
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Collenchyma cells
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Living cells of fundamental system, with unevenly thickened cell walls
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Sclerenchyma cells
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Frequently dead, thick-walled cells lacking protoplasts; two types: sclereids and fibers
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Fibers
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Very long sclerenchyma cells
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Sclereids
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Nonelongated sclerenchyma cells
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