Plant Lab#1

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Arboretum

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place where trees, shrubs, (woody plants) are cultivated for scientific & educational purposes

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Herbarium

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A collection of dried plants mounted, labeled, and systematically arranged for use in scientific study

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specimen

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an example representative of a genus, species, etc.

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woody plant

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trees and shrubs - live for many years. Each year, new primary growth is resumed,and the plant increases in length at its growing tips. In addition, the plant increases in diameter, or girth, called secondary growth and results from activity of cambium. There are twotypes of cambium, vascular cambium and cork cambium. The vascular cambium produces thesecondary vascular tissues - secondary xylem and secondary phloem. Cork cambium produces cork, asecondary surface tissue. Secondary growth structures are found in two regions: the bark, whichconsists of cork and phloem; and the wood, which consists of xylem. The vascular cambium separatesthe bark from the wood.

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bryophyte

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seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts; nonvascular (no xylem/phloem)

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herbaceous plant

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nonwoody; primary growth only; leaves/stems usually die at end of season

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tree

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perennial plants typically having a single woody stem, and usually with branches and leaves. Many species of both gymnosperms (notably the conifers) and angiosperms grow in this form. The strength and height of these plants are made possible by the supportive conductive tissue known as vascular tissue.

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shrub

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A woody plant of relatively low height, having several stems arising from the base and lacking a single trunk; a bush

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herb

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a nonwoody, seed-bearing plant whose parts above ground die back at the end of the growing season

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vine

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A weak-stemmed, usually herbaceous plant that derives its support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface

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Liana

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a thick WOODY vine usually tropical plant found in rainforest canopies

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root

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The usually underground portion of a plant that lacks buds, leaves, or nodes and serves as support, draws minerals and water from the surrounding soil, and sometimes stores food.

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shoot

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part of a vascular plant that is above ground, including the stem and leaves

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stem

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can be above ground: (has leaves) or below ground: (rhizomes)

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leaf

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lateral appendage of stem; organ of photosynthesis and transpiration

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bud

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embryonic shoot

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flower

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reproductive structure of angiosperms; all contain at least 1 stamen/carpel. The reproductive structure of some seed-bearing plants, characteristically having either specialized male or female organs or both male and female organs, such as stamens and a pistil, enclosed in an outer envelope of petals and sepals.

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fruit

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mature OVARY containing seeds

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seed

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mature OVULE containing embryo

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inflorescence

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characteristic arrangement of flowers on a stem

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simple leaf

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undivided leaf

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compound leaf

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leaf divided into leaflets

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sporangium

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A single-celled or multi-celled structure in which spores are produced, as in fungi, algae, mosses, and ferns

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strobilus

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reproductive structure consisting of sporophylls; cone

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seedling

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young plant sporophyte developing out of a plant embryo from a seed

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sapling

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young tree

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thorn

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A sharp-pointed modified woody branch

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prickle

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a sharp-pointed outgrowth from the epidermis

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spine

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a sharp-pointed modified leaf

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evergreen

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A tree, shrub, or plant having foliage that persists and remains green throughout the year.

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deciduous

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shedding foliage at the end of the growing season

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entire leaf margin

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without any toothing or division (smooth)

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toothed leaf margin

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having an irregularly notched margin

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needle-leaf

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has needles; pine trees

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scale-leaf

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small leaves attached to bridglets; flat and scaly; cedars

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pteridophyte

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seedless vascular plant; reproduces through spores; ferns, club mosses, horsetails

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gymnosperm

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non-flowering seed plant

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angiosperm

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fruit-bearing, flowering seed plant

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vascular tissue

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The supportive and conductive tissue in plants, consisting of xylem and phloem.

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xylem

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conducts water and nutrients up from the roots

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phloem

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distributes food from the leaves to other parts of the plant

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lignin

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A complex polymer, the chief noncarbohydrate constituent of wood, that binds to cellulose fibers and hardens and strengthens the cell walls of plants.

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cellulose

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A complex carbohydrate that forms the main constituent of the cell wall in most plants, and is important in the manufacture of numerous products, such as paper.

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primary growth

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the growing tips; vertical growth; have meristematic tissue; Growth in vascular plants resulting from the production of primary tissues by a primary meristem. Elongation of the plant body is usually a consequence of primary growth.

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secondary growth

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girth growth; woody plants; Growth in vascular plants from production of secondary tissues by a lateral meristem, usually resulting in wider branches and stems

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photosynthesis

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energy/food gathering process

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transpiration

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the emission of water vapor/waste from the stomata in leaves

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litter

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The uppermost layer of the forest floor consisting chiefly of fallen leaves and other decaying organic matter

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cultivation

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production of food by preparing the land to grow crops; human growth production of plants

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propagation

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increasing the number of plants, usually through seeds

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native

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characteristic of geographic origin; indigenous

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exotic

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characteristic of another place or part of the world; foreign; non-native