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31 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
Why do nonvascular plants tend to be small, growing close to the ground?
Because they do not have any tissue for carrying materials throughout the plant. Water in nonvascular plants carries food and nutrients directly from cell to cell.
How do vascular plants differ from nonvascular plants?
Vascular plants have tissues (tubes) that carry water, nutrients and food. Nonvascular plants do not have the tissue for carrying materials throughout. Nonvascular plants depend on water moving from cell to cell.
Define vascular tissue
Vascular tissue supports plants and carries water, nutrients and food.
Name two types of vascular tissue
xylem, phloem
Define xylem
Carries water and nutrients from roots to other parts of a plant
Define phloem
Carries food from leaves to the rest of the plant
What is the main difference between taproots and fibrous roots?
taproots are strong roots that grow deep into the soil.
Fibrous roots stay near the surface.
How are taproot and fibrous root systems similar?
They both carry water and nutrients. Both have xylem tissue.
What functions do roots perform?
Keeps the plant in the ground and suck up nutrients.
Define photosynthesis.
Process that in which plants make food by using water from the soil, carbon dioxide from the air, and energy from sunlight.
Where do plants get the materials they use to make food?
water from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the air, and
energy from sunlight.
What is the epidermis? What does it protect?
The outer layer of cells in a leaf. It protects the leaf from damage.
What are stomata? What do they do?
tiny holes on the underside of the leaf. They let carbon dioxide in and oxygen out.
What process takes place in the chloroplasts of leaf cells?
photosynthesis
What is he difference between the sporophyte generation and the gametophyte generation?
-plants form spores
-plant forms gametes, male and female cells
Define spore
Is a single cell that can be carried to a new location by wind or water and grow into a new plant
How are fern sporophytes and moss sporophytes different? How re they alike?
The are alike because they have similar life cycles. They are different because the fern sporophyte can make food and the moss sporophyte can't make food.
What is a seed?
A tiny sporophyte inside a protective coat.
Why are the seeds of pines considered "naked"?
They are protected only by a seed coat.
Define gymnosperm.
A plant that produces naked seeds.
Define angiosperm.
A flowering plant, which has seeds protected by fruit.
How are gymnosperm seeds and angiosperm seeds different? How are they alike?
Both kinds of seeds produce new plants. They are different because gynosperm seeds are naked and angiosperm seeds are protected by fruit
What do plants need for photosynthesis?
water from the soil,
carbon dioxide from the air, and
energy from sunlight.
What is an Anther?
the part of a flower that makes pollen
Define germinate
sprout
What is a Stigma?
the part of a flower that collects pollen
What is an Ovary?
the part of a flower that contains ovules; after fertilization, the ovary develops into a fruit
What are Ovules?
the part of the flower that produces eggs. Eggs are fertilized by sperm from pollen and develop into seeds
What is a Pollen Tube?
the part of a flower that grows from pollen grain. It enables sperm to travel into ovules to fertilize eggs.
What are Petals?
the part of a flower that attracts insects for pollination
What does a seed need to germinate?
Seeds germinate when conditions are right for growth of the embryo:
- all seeds need water,
- most seeds need warm soil,
- some seeds germinate when there are enough hours of light