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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Properties of communities |
composition, diversity, structure, processes |
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measures of abundance |
density, cover, frequency, relative abundance |
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competition definition |
reduction in fitness due to shared use of a limited resource. Can be intraspecific or interspecific |
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competitive ability and stress tolerance |
inversely related |
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upper boundary of species limitation |
competition |
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lower boundary of species limitation |
tolerance |
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possible mechanisms of competition |
- early start, rapid growth, tolerance of low resources, place holding, foraging, luxury uptake |
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stress definition |
a condition that depresses the performance of biomass |
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disturbance definition |
an event that removes biomass |
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individual responses to disturbance(3) |
resprouting, dispersal, dormancy |
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evidence for evolutionary response to disturbance |
serotiny in Pinus: pinecones open after heat |
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community responses to disturbance |
resistance and resilience |
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succession definition |
progressive change in species composition in a habitat over time |
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primary succession |
disturbance removes all traces of any previous life |
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secondary succession |
disturbance leaves some traces of previous life |
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Early in succession: properties of habitats (2) |
- high in light availability -low in nutrient availability |
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Progression of succession: properties of habitats (3) |
-diversity of species increases, then decreases -standing biomass increases then levels off -net primary productivity increases then levels off/ declines |
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Properties of early successional plants (6) |
-many small seeds -wide dispersal -long seed dormancy -rapid growth rate -small size -low shade tolerance |
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Mechanisms of succession (3) |
facilitation, tolerance, inhibition |
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physical defenses to herbivory |
hairs/ stinging hairs |
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chemical defenses to herbivory |
phenols, alkaloids, terpenes |
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constitutive vs induced defense |
constitutive: always there induced: cued (lower energy cost, decreased selection for counterdefense, higher effectiveness) |
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introduced definition
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transported into an area by humans, especially across apparent barriers to natural dispersal |
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invasive definition |
entering a new area and causing harm to things already there |
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invasibility hypotheses (3) |
habitat productivity, departure from disturbance regime, biodiversity |
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Highly invaded microhabitats have: |
high N and water |
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global competition hypothesis |
in a global competition, the locals are likely to lose |
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novel weapons hypothesis |
native species do not have defenses against introduced species |
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missed mutualisms hypothesis |
introduced species lack mutualists (less benefit) |
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invasional meltdown hypothesis |
introduced species will become more invasive following the introduction of their mutualists |
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unusual refuge hypothesis |
if lack of adaptation to local stresses limits invasion, then habitats with more unusual stresses should be less invasible |
