Plant Disease Control 2

Front 1

What disease can be avoided by using transplants?

Back 1

damping off

Front 2

What effects do weeds cause?

Back 2

allelopathy, moisture and fertilizer losses, occupy space, create stagnant air pockets, sources of viruses, vectors, soil-borne pathogens and predators

Front 3

What are the effects of over-irrigation?

Back 3

wastes water, leach fertilizer, promote disease outbreaks

Front 4

What principles would you use for irrigation?

Back 4

1) Don't want to extend wet period with irrigation
2) Don't irrigate late in afternoon or early in morning
3) On turf, early irrigation is good to bead dew off in morning
4) irrigation is used to cool soil

Front 5

What are the major rules with respect to directly working with or touching crops?

Back 5

1) Avoid wet- likely to be brittle, injured and helps move pathogens
2) Avoid cold- tend to be brittle
3) Avoid windy- spray drift
4) Avoid rough handling

Front 6

What should be done at harvest to prevent disease?

Back 6

1) minimize wounds
2) move promptly
3) avoid high temperatures
4) avoid low temperatures
5) avoid rainfall

Front 7

What management techniques can be used for the market?

Back 7

- know the shelf-life of your product
- don't try to sell to markets beyond the reach of your product
- do use a transportation system that you can trust
- do use load temperature sensors

Front 8

Give a disease that dodine can control.

Back 8

Apple or pear scab

Front 9

What is the mode-of-action for dodine and glyodin?

Back 9

effect the cell membranes, evidence is electrolyte leakage

Front 10

What is the definition of resistance?

Back 10

an inherited characteristic in a plant that has the ability to overcome, partially or completely, the effect of a pathogen or damaging agent

Front 11

Give one accomplishment of one person in the history of resistance.

Back 11

Theophrastus observed that not all kinds and varieties of plants developed the same amount of disease

Front 12

What is a hypersensitive response?

Back 12

gene product in host binds with protein produced by pathogen which initiates a series of reactions including the rupture of the tonoplast, synthesis of phytoalexins and rupture of plasmalemma.

Front 13

What are characteristics of vertical resistance?

Back 13

- Monogenic
- Env doesn't affect
- Pathogen doesn't affect
- durability can be limited
- differential
- large effect
- development of resistant cultivars is relatively easy

Front 14

What is a hypersensitive response?

Back 14

gene product in host binds with protein produced by pathogen which initiates a series of reactions including the rupture of the tonoplast, synthesis of phytoalexins and rupture of plasmalemma.

Front 15

What are sources of vertical resistance genes in traditional plant breeding?

Back 15

- survivor selection
- selections from different geographic regions
- wild plants of same species
- related plants

Front 16

What is a hypersensitive response?

Back 16

gene product in host binds with protein produced by pathogen which initiates a series of reactions including the rupture of the tonoplast, synthesis of phytoalexins and rupture of plasmalemma.

Front 17

What are characteristics of vertical resistance?

Back 17

- Monogenic
- Env doesn't affect
- Pathogen doesn't affect
- durability can be limited
- differential
- large effect
- development of resistant cultivars is relatively easy

Front 18

What are some effects of horizontal resistance?

Back 18

- spores are not as efficient
- not as many potential infection courts in host
- lesions do not expand as rapidly
- fewer spores produced per lesion

Front 19

What are sources of vertical resistance genes in traditional plant breeding?

Back 19

- survivor selection
- selections from different geographic regions
- wild plants of same species
- related plants

Front 20

What are characteristics of horizontal resistance?

Back 20

- Polygenic
- env can affect (nema, heat, lack of O2, clouds)
- resistance masked when env, path pop or host pop are highly favorable
- non-differential
- durable
- small effect

Front 21

What are some effects of horizontal resistance?

Back 21

- spores are not as efficient
- not as many potential infection courts in host
- lesions do not expand as rapidly
- fewer spores produced per lesion

Front 22

What are characteristics of vertical resistance?

Back 22

- Monogenic
- Env doesn't affect
- Pathogen doesn't affect
- durability can be limited
- differential
- large effect
- development of resistant cultivars is relatively easy

Front 23

What structural factors and preformed chemicals make up horizontal resistance?

Back 23

- Structure- tomato stem scars have small pores and water carrying pathogens can't enter
- preformed chemicals- onion skin color
- cell wall structure- silicates
- synthesis of toxic chemicals- phytoalexins
- trigger wound healing response- oxidize phenols to quinones, callose, tyloses, suberin, cork, abscission

Front 24

What are characteristics of horizontal resistance?

Back 24

- Polygenic
- env can affect (nema, heat, lack of O2, clouds)
- resistance masked when env, path pop or host pop are highly favorable
- non-differential
- durable
- small effect

Front 25

What are sources of vertical resistance genes in traditional plant breeding?

Back 25

- survivor selection
- selections from different geographic regions
- wild plants of same species
- related plants

Front 26

What are some effects of horizontal resistance?

Back 26

- spores are not as efficient
- not as many potential infection courts in host
- lesions do not expand as rapidly
- fewer spores produced per lesion

Front 27

What structural factors and preformed chemicals make up horizontal resistance?

Back 27

- Structure- tomato stem scars have small pores and water carrying pathogens can't enter
- preformed chemicals- onion skin color
- cell wall structure- silicates
- synthesis of toxic chemicals- phytoalexins
- trigger wound healing response- oxidize phenols to quinones, callose, tyloses, suberin, cork, abscission

Front 28

What are characteristics of horizontal resistance?

Back 28

- Polygenic
- env can affect (nema, heat, lack of O2, clouds)
- resistance masked when env, path pop or host pop are highly favorable
- non-differential
- durable
- small effect

Front 29

What is a hypersensitive response?

Back 29

gene product in host binds with protein produced by pathogen which initiates a series of reactions including the rupture of the tonoplast, synthesis of phytoalexins and rupture of plasmalemma.

Front 30

What structural factors and preformed chemicals make up horizontal resistance?

Back 30

- Structure- tomato stem scars have small pores and water carrying pathogens can't enter
- preformed chemicals- onion skin color
- cell wall structure- silicates
- synthesis of toxic chemicals- phytoalexins
- trigger wound healing response- oxidize phenols to quinones, callose, tyloses, suberin, cork, abscission

Front 31

What are characteristics of vertical resistance?

Back 31

- Monogenic
- Env doesn't affect
- Pathogen doesn't affect
- durability can be limited
- differential
- large effect
- development of resistant cultivars is relatively easy

Front 32

What is a hypersensitive response?

Back 32

gene product in host binds with protein produced by pathogen which initiates a series of reactions including the rupture of the tonoplast, synthesis of phytoalexins and rupture of plasmalemma.

Front 33

What are sources of vertical resistance genes in traditional plant breeding?

Back 33

- survivor selection
- selections from different geographic regions
- wild plants of same species
- related plants

Front 34

What are characteristics of vertical resistance?

Back 34

- Monogenic
- Env doesn't affect
- Pathogen doesn't affect
- durability can be limited
- differential
- large effect
- development of resistant cultivars is relatively easy

Front 35

What are some effects of horizontal resistance?

Back 35

- spores are not as efficient
- not as many potential infection courts in host
- lesions do not expand as rapidly
- fewer spores produced per lesion

Front 36

What are sources of vertical resistance genes in traditional plant breeding?

Back 36

- survivor selection
- selections from different geographic regions
- wild plants of same species
- related plants

Front 37

What are characteristics of horizontal resistance?

Back 37

- Polygenic
- env can affect (nema, heat, lack of O2, clouds)
- resistance masked when env, path pop or host pop are highly favorable
- non-differential
- durable
- small effect

Front 38

What are some effects of horizontal resistance?

Back 38

- spores are not as efficient
- not as many potential infection courts in host
- lesions do not expand as rapidly
- fewer spores produced per lesion

Front 39

What structural factors and preformed chemicals make up horizontal resistance?

Back 39

- Structure- tomato stem scars have small pores and water carrying pathogens can't enter
- preformed chemicals- onion skin color
- cell wall structure- silicates
- synthesis of toxic chemicals- phytoalexins
- trigger wound healing response- oxidize phenols to quinones, callose, tyloses, suberin, cork, abscission

Front 40

What are characteristics of horizontal resistance?

Back 40

- Polygenic
- env can affect (nema, heat, lack of O2, clouds)
- resistance masked when env, path pop or host pop are highly favorable
- non-differential
- durable
- small effect

Front 41

What structural factors and preformed chemicals make up horizontal resistance?

Back 41

- Structure- tomato stem scars have small pores and water carrying pathogens can't enter
- preformed chemicals- onion skin color
- cell wall structure- silicates
- synthesis of toxic chemicals- phytoalexins
- trigger wound healing response- oxidize phenols to quinones, callose, tyloses, suberin, cork, abscission