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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anticlinal division |
Surface expansion |
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periclinal division |
surface protrusion |
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model organism - arabidopsis thaliana |
self-fertilizing 750 ecotypes limited space needed rapid seed production entire genome sequenced 5 chromosomes - lots of redundancy. compensates for mutation losses short generation time |
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funiculus |
attachment of ovule to placenta in ovary |
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micropyle |
opening for pollen tube in outer and inner integuments |
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cell types within embryo sac |
egg cell central cell 3n --> endosperm antipodal cells synergid cells outer and inner integuments 2n maternally derived |
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embryo at 1-cell stage |
apical cell is embryo basal cell is suspensor |
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embryo at 8-cell stage |
upper and lower tiers of proembryo hypophysis suspensor |
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embryo at heart stage |
cotyledons have emerged |
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embryo at triangular stage |
radial axis developed epidermis --> epidermis ground meristem --> cortex procambium --> stele |
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embryo at torpedo stage |
Root and shoot apical meristems have developed |
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Maturation |
development of endosperm protein and lipid accumulation absorption DNA endoduplication cell expansion |
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Difference between monocot and dicot mature seeds |
monocot seed is almost all endosperm with a small embryo. dicot seed is largely the embryo |
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function of endosperm |
nurse tissue (placenta) intermediary between embryo and surrounding maternal sporophyte post-fertilization barrier |
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endosperm regions |
MCE surrounds embryo PEN is central or peripheral CZE is chalazal |
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endosperm ploidy |
2:1 maternal to paternal ploidy ratio must be maintained |
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germination |
decrease in ABA and increase GA function testa and endosperm rupture radicle emergence epicotyl emergence |
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conjugation |
attachment of a molecule to a hormone to inactivate it for storage, catabolic breakdown, or production of the active hormone |
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procambium |
innermost layer of embryo that appears in the globular stage. later develops into the pericycle and vascular primordia by periclinal divisions specified by SHORTROOT |
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ground meristem |
middle layer of embryo that appears in the globular stage and later develops into the cortex and endoderm by asymmetrical periclinal divisions specified by SCARECROW |
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phytomer |
modular unit consisting of a leaf, bud, and internode bud contains its own meristem population |
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zones of SAM |
peripheral zone PZ - organ initiation central zone CZ - core of stem cells. gives cells to CZ and RZ rib zone - allocates cells to stem |
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layers of SAM |
L1 - makes epidermis L2 - makes ground tissue L3 - multiple layers, including vasculature
L1 + L2 = tunica |
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lateral root stages |
1: founder pericycle (p) cells divide anticlinally to produce primordia 2: periclinal divisions, establishment of outer and inner layers 3 - 7: more divisions resulting in a dome-shaped primordium |
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stages of leaf development |
1: organogenesis 2: establishment of suborgan domains (adaxial-abaxial, proximodistal, lateral) 3: cell and tissue differentiation |
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meristemoid (p) cell |
behave as stem cells for 3-4 cycles of division and then become guard mother cells forms a spiral arrangement of 3 cells around an internalized meristemoid cell |
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stomatal lineage ground cell |
results from the division of a P cell (SLGC and P cell produced) and becomes a pavement cell |
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trichome |
epidermal hairs with various functions: deterring animals, UV reduction, aiding seed dispersal
glandular trichomes produce chemicals
found on adaxial (upper) side of leaves and stems, not hypocotyl or cotyledons
branched on leaves. unbranched on stems |
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trichome development |
1: radial expansion of the precursor cell 2: stalk emergence and expansion 3: primary branching 4: secondary branching and stalk expansion 5: continued, pointed tips develop 6: accessory cells form around base
endoreduplication from 2n to 32n |
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trichoblast |
root hair cell that forms at the cortical cell junction (H position) root hair produced at apical tip |
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atrichoblast |
non-root hair cell that forms at the N position, between trichoblasts |
