Plant Breeding Dr. Wong Cal Poly

Front 1

What is Plant Breeding?

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The use of "tools and Techniques" for the selection of desirable plant types

Front 2

Successful plant breeders must:

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1. Create Variability
2. Identify Superior Plants
3. Select Improved Plant Type

Front 3

Who discovered hybrid vigor?

Back 3

the Reid Brothers

Front 4

Who came up with the Burbank potato?

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Luther Burbank

Front 5

Who discovered Heredity?

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Gregor Mendel

Front 6

Who investigated the origins of cultivated plants?

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Nikolai I. Vavilov

Front 7

How many areas of the world did Vavilov propose cultivated crops came from?

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8

Front 8

What is the system that maintains ancestral variaties of crop and fruit plants?

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National Plant Germplasm System

Front 9

Where is the "Doomsday Vault" located?

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north of Norway's mainland

Front 10

This is the formation of the pollen grain. How many nuclei does it have?

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Microsporogenesis, 2 nuclei

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This is the formation of the Embryo Sac. How many nuclei does it have?

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Megasporogenesis. 8 Nuclei

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A gamete receives 1 allele from the pair of alleles possessed by an organism

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rule of segregation

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Alleles of one gene can segregate independently of alleles of other genes

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Rule of independent assortment

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How many distinct phenotypic classes are there in complete dominance?

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2

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How many distinct phenotypic classes are there in incomplete dominance?

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3

Front 16

in this type of gene action both alleles "add" to the phenotype

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additive

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in this gene action one gene can turn off another

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epistatic

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This is when you cross siblings of an organism together

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Full-Sib mating

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this is when you cross two plants but it is uncertain whom the second plant is

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Half-Sib Mating

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What is the formula for selfing?

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F=1/2(1+F’)

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What is the formula for Full Sib Mating?

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F=1/4(1+2F’+F’’)

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What is the formula for Half sib mating?

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F=1/8(1+6F’+F’’)

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What if the formula for the number of Completely Homozygous genotypes in any generation at different # of Loci?

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[[(2^G)-1]/[2^G]]^L

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This is when you grow out progeny and observe phenotypes

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progeny test

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This is when you cross seed to a parent which is known (Homozygous Recessive)

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testcross

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This form of plant breeding is based on phenotypic selection in a heterogenous population.
It is also the oldest breeding method for crop improvement

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Mass selection

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This method of plant breeding uses inbreeding a segregating population.
Used mostly in self pollinators
can take advantage of natural selection

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bulk population

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This breeding method is the useful handling segregation of generations following initial cross

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pedigree selection

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This method of breeding is progress towards homozygosity by selfing, usually in self fertilized crops

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single seed descent

Front 30

This system of plant breeding is the systematic selection of desirable individuals from a population.
Used extensively and effectively in cross-fertilized crops

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Recurrent selection

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This is the method of breeding where you estimate the genetic potential of an individual or population at an early stage of inbreeding

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early generation testing

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Phenotypic variation is not continuous, and can be separated into discrete classes

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qualitative trait

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phenotypic variation is continuous, and cannot be separated into discrete classes`

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quantitative trait

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an organism with more then 2 sets of chromosomes in its body cells

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polyploids

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this is the condition where an organism has multiple complete sets of chromosomes

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Euploidy

Front 36

what is the name of the chemical used to induce mutation?

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colchocine

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This is the condition where an organism is missing or has an extra single or more chromosomes

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Aneuploidy

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an individual that receives it's genetic material from two or more species

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alloploid

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this is a mutation stemming from a somatic cell and not from a gamete or gametes

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somatic mutation

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The theory that a heterozygote is superior to a homozygote

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Overdominance Theory

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This theory states that every gene in a plant that codes for resistance, there is a corresponding gene in the pathogen that does not

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gene for gene theory