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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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photosynthesis |
the production of organic food from inorganic molecules (carbon dioxide & water) with the use of light energy |
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cellulose |
a material composed of linked sugar units |
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plants |
organisms that are composed of many cells, have cellulose-rich cell walls, have chlorophyll and are photosynthetic, & are adapted in many ways to life on land |
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botany |
the study of plants
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hypothesis
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an educated preliminary explanation based on past observations
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bryophytes
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mosses and liverworts; short, under one meter; no true roots, stems, or leaves
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lycophytes
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club mosses; low growing or hang from trees; true roots and stems but leaf is small with a single unbranched vein
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pteridophytes
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ferns; some are tree-sized; have true roots, stems, and leaves
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gymnosperms |
no flowers; produce seeds in cones; most are trees and have true roots, stems, and leaves
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angiosperms |
flowering plants, producing seeds and fruits; some are woody trees and shrubs, some are non-woody herbs
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carbon dioxide
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an atmospheric gas used by plants in photosynthesis to generate organic food; "greenhouse gas"
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empirical
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based upon experiment and observation
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photosynthesis
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production of organic food from inorganic molecules
light energy directly excites electrons 6CO2+6H2O = C6H12O6+6O2 |
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plant growth
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production of new cells
cell enlargement |
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respiration
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1. glycolysis
2. formation of acetylCoA 3. Krebs cycle 4. ETC 5. chemiosmosis & oxidative phosphorylation |
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phloem
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the vascular plant tissue in which organic compounds, including sugars, are conducted in a watery solution
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xylem |
specialized tissue that conducts water and minerals in plant vascular systems; dead at maturity
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cell wall
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the rigid portion of the extracellular matrix of plants, fungi, bacteria, and many protists
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root system
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one or more roots that comprise the anchoring and mineral- and water-absorption organs of plants
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stem
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the shoot of vascular plants; contains vascular tissue and typically produces leaves and reproductive organs
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axillary buds
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buds that occur in the axil of a leaf
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axil
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the upper angle between a stem and a branch or the petiole of an attached leaf
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ionic bond
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chemical linkages based on the electrical attraction of positively charged regions of one molecule to negatively charged regions of another
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ion
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a charged atom that has either gained or lost electrons
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covalent bond
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the strongest type of chemical bond, in which electrons are shared between elements
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hydrogen bond
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a relatively weak electrostatic attraction between portions of two or more molecules
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bonds (weakest to strongest)
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hydrogen, ionic, covalent
more energy to form stronger bonds more energy released when a stronger bond is broken |
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lipids
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hydrophobic organic molecules that serve as components of cell membranes or as energy storages in cells; fats, oils, steroids, phosolipids, & carotenoids
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amino acid
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the nitrogen-containing organic acids that can be linked together to form proteins
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peptide bond
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the type of covalent chemical bond that links amino acids together in proteins; loss of a water molecule occurs during formation of each peptide bond
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terpenes
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chemical compounds produced by plants
carotene, rubber, terpentine, citronella |
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phenolics
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produced by plants
ginger, cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, pigments |
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flavenoids/tannins
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phenolic compound produced by plants
in red wine, blueberries, grapes garlic, onion |
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cytoplasm
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the watery living material of the cell inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus
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ribosome
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small particles, composed of RNA and protein, which are the sites of protein synthesis in cells
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matrix
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the fluid-filled area inside the inner membrane of the mitochondrion; the site of the Krebs cycle
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