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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Meristematic cells |
Plant version of stems cells. two types: SAM (shoot apical meristem) and RAM (root apical meristem). |
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Parenchyma cells |
Spherical/elongated cells with thin primary walls. Functions include photosynthesis, storage and secreation. |
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Collenchyma cells |
Elongated cells, often containing chloroplasts. Provide support, walls alternating layers of pectin and cellulose. |
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Sclerenchyma cells |
Provide elastic support and are involved in water transport. 2 types: fibres and sclereids. |
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Dermal tissue system |
Cover and protection surface, epidermis. protects inner tissues from desiccation, infection of pathogens and regulates the movement of H20. Composed of epidermal cells, guard cells and trichomes. |
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Vascular tissue system - Xylem functions |
vessel elements - transport water, fibres - add strength and support and parenchyma - storage and loading/unloading. |
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Vascular tissue system - Xylem and Phloem arrangement |
Vascular bundles - discrete bundles of cells, found in leafs and young stems. Vascular cylinders - Central mass of cells, found in roots. |
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Vascular tissue system - Xylem Lignification
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Adding of lignin to the cells walls. provides waterproofing and support. |
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Vascular tissue system - Xylem Pits |
Thin areas of cell walls, allowing the exchange of materials between plants. |
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Vascular tissue system - Phloem functions
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Sieve tube elements - Include cytoplasm and has no nucleus. Transports sugars and nutrients. Fibres - Adds strength and support. Parenchyma - Storage. |
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2 types of basic root systems |
Fibrous - Several main roots that branch to form a dense mass of roots e.g. grasses. Taproot - One main, large storage root from which lateral roots branch e.g. carrot. |
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Root epidermis |
Long cells, no cuticle or stomata. root hairs - increase the surface area of the root, allowing the uptake of sugar and nutrients. |
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Root cortex (ground) |
Composed mainly of parenchyma cells. Endodermis - innermost layer. contains casparian strip, stops water travelling through the walls. |
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Root vascular tissue |
Stele - vascular cylinder. Protoxylem - outer layer. metaxylem - inner layer. |
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Monocot roots |
Unlike dicot roots, monocot roots never thickened, instead more roots are produced from the base of the stem. |
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Stem |
A collection of tissues arranged as nodes - where leaves attach to the stem and internodes - parts between nodes. |
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Stem functions |
Support, Transportation of material, storage and photosynthesis. |
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Stem structure |
1. Epidermis - one cell thick. 2. Vascular tissue. 3. Ground tissue - fills the gaps, parenchyma cells. |
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Leaves functions |
Photosynthesis and transpiration. |
