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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hypothesis |
a testable idea |
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Theory |
a description of nature, based on a great deal of data |
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Asterism |
dot-to-dot pattern in the sky |
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constellation |
1/88 sections of the sky |
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Do stars rise earlier night-to-night? |
Yes by ~4 min |
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Equinoxes |
-12 hour days -March/Sept -Sun rises/sets directly in east/west |
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Solstices |
-North/south solstices -Sun is highest/lowest in the sky |
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Draw me a moon chart woman |
DO IT -moon moves west to east on celestial sphere -rises/sets an hour later each night |
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Sidereal month |
Based on celestial sphere. ~27 days |
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Synodic month |
Based on sun, ~29.5 days |
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Lunar eclipse |
-Moon through Earth's shadow -Penumbral, partial, total |
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Solar eclipse |
-Earth through moon's shadow -Total, Annular, Partial --annular - apogee bc moon is in its farthest position |
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Why are eclipses so rare? What is line of nodes? |
Bc moon is in 5 deg tilt in plane of moons orbit around the sun. Line of nodes is where those planes intersect. |
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Blackbody radiation |
Hot objects emit a continuous spectrum of light |
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Wien's law |
High temperatures mean intense light, which means shorter wavelengths -blackbody energy = temp x surface area |
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Properties of light |
-c = 300,000 km/s -photon = particle-like -high frequency = more energy |
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What can the blackbody curve of an object reveal? |
Its temperature |
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Spectroscopy |
Each chemical substance has a unique pattern of spectral lines |
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What do adaptive optics correct for? |
Atmospheric distortion |
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Eratosthemes |
Size of Earth |
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Atristarchus |
Relative sizes/distances of Earth, moon, and sun. Also first heliocentric model. |
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Who corrected geocentric model's biggest problem? |
Ptolemy corrected for retrograde motion with epicycles |
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Tell me bout Copernicus |
Big advocate for the heliocentric model, but he made the orbits circular which didn't properly explain retrograde motion. He ended up adding epicycles ): |
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Galileo |
-1st telescope used for astronomy -phases of venus -moons of jupiter |
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Kelper's laws |
1) Orbits are elliptical 2) As a planet nears the sun it moves faster and as it moves away from the sun it moves slower 3) The farther away a planet is the slower it moves |
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Newton's laws |
1) Inertia - no net force, no acceleration 2) F=ma 3) equal/opposite reaction 4) Law of Universal gravitation - F-G = mM/r^2 |
