• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/21

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

21 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Theory

set of statements that explain how and why certain events are related

hypothesis

specific prediction about some phenomenon

variable

any characteristic that can change

operational definition

defines a variable in terms of specific measurements to turn something abstract into something observable and measureable

self-report

people report on their own knowledge and feelings through surveys and interviews

recording overt behavior

recording directly observable behavior as results

psychological tests

tests to measure many variables like personality

physiological measures

physiological responses to assess experiences (stress hormones, blood pressure, heart rate, etc.)

informed consent

subjects of a study must know the purpose, procedure, benefits, risks, right to decline and withdraw, and if their responses are confidential/how privacy will be safeguarded

deception

participants of a study are mislead about the nature of a study, but certain behaviors require deception to obtain natural, spontaneous responses

case studies

in depth analysis of individuals or events; allows study of rare phenomenon, but doesn't determine causality

naturalistic observation

observes behavior naturally without influencing it, does not determine causality

surveys

information obtained by questionnaires or interviews; efficient in collecting large amounts of information over the years, but cannot determine causality

components of correlational research

1) measure one variable, 2) measure a second variable, 3) statistically determine if they are related; does not determine causality but can predict if relations in the lab happen in the real world

elements of an experiment

1) manipulate on variable, 2) measure whether manipulated variable affects other variables, 3) controls other factors that might affect the outcome (constants)

independent variable

the manipulated and controlled factor

dependent variable

factor measure that may be affected by independent variable

experimental group

group that receives the treatment

control group

group that is not exposed to the treatment of independent variable

assignment method

random assignment, and dual exposure & counterbalancing

advantages and disadvantages of experimental research

can determine cause-effect relationships and control outside factors; possible placebo effect and experimenter expectations threaten validity