Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the glandular portion of the pituitary called?
|
Anterior Pituitary
|
|
|
What is the neural portion of the pituitary called?
|
Posterior Pituitary
|
|
|
What are the three parts of the Adenohypophysis?
|
AKA Anterior Pituitary:
Distalis Intermedia Tuberalis |
|
|
What are the three parts of the Neurohypophysis?
|
AKA Posterior Pituitary:
Nervosa Infundibular (stem/stalk) Median eminence |
|
|
When is a Pituitary Gland larger?
|
In Women (in general)
or during pregnancy |
|
|
What is the Anterior Pituitary derived from?
|
Upgrowth of Oral Ectoderm from the roof of the mouth.
|
|
|
What is the Posterior Pituitary derived from?
|
Downgrowth of Diencephalon from the brain.
|
|
|
Magnocellular Neurons
|
Large diameter neurons of the hypothalamus.
|
|
|
What do Magnocellular Neurons synthesize?
|
ADH and Oxytocin
|
|
|
Where do magnocellular neurons terminate?
|
Fenestrated capillaries in the Posterior Pituitary
|
|
|
What are the principal stimuli for ADH secretion?
|
Increased Plasma Osmolarity
Decreased Blood Volume Stress |
|
|
What aare the principal stimuli for Oxytocin secretion?
|
Suckling
Vaginal Distention |
|
|
What are the three categories of hormones of the Anterior Pituitary?
|
Corticolipotropins
Glycoprotein Somatomammotropins |
|
|
What are all corticolipotropins derived from?
|
pro-opiomelanocortin which is cleaved into:
N-terminal fragment ACTH and Beta-LPH |
|
|
What is the principle action of ADH?
|
open water channels in connecting tubule
Constriction of arterioles = Higher BP |
|
|
What is the principle action of Oxytocin?
|
Milk production
Uterine Contraction |
|
|
What hormones are considered corticolipotropins?
|
ACTH
Beta-Lipoprotein Beta-Endorphin |
|
|
What is the principle action of ACTH?
|
Stimulates Adrenal gland to synthesize glucocorticoids
|
|
|
What hormones are considered Glycoprotein?
|
LH
FSH TSH |
|
|
What is unique about the structure of Glycoprotein hormones?
|
Consist of 2 noncovalently linked alpha & beta subunits. All alpha units are the same.
|
|
|
What is another name for TSH (besides Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)?
|
Thyrotropin
|
|
|
What hormones are considered Somatomammotropins?
|
GH
Prolactin |
|
|
What is the princple functions of PRL?
|
Stimulate breast development during pregnancy
Stimulate postpartum lactation |
|
|
Acidophilic-staining cells of the Pars Distalis may secrete what hormones?
|
GH
PRL note: same color as WBCs |
|
|
Basophilic-staining cells of the Pars Distalis may secrete what hormones?
|
ACTH (most basophilic)
LH FSH TSH |
|
|
What does Oxytocin antagonists do in males?
|
Block erections
|
|
|
What are the five types of cells in the Pars Distalis
|
Somatotroph (GH)
Lactotroph (PRL) Corticolipotroph (ACTH) Gonadotroph (LH/FSH) Thyrotroph (TSH) |
|
|
What are the most common types of cells in the Pars Distalis?
|
Somatotrophs (50%)
|
|
|
What are the second most common types of cells in the Pars Distalis?
|
Lactotrophs (10-25%)
|
|
|
Which cell types are frequently found disbursed laterally in the Pars Distalis?
|
Somatotrophs
|
|
|
Which cells are most frequently found in the anteromedial part of the Pars Distalis?
|
Thyrotrophs
Corticotrophs |
|
|
Which cells are most frequently found randomly dispersed througout the Pars Distalis?
|
Lactotrophs
Gonadotrophs |
|
|
What stimulates Somatotroph Cells?
|
GRH
|
|
|
What inhibits Somatotroph Cells?
|
Somatostatin
|
|
|
What Inhibits Lactotroph Cells?
|
Dopamine
|
|
|
What Stimulates Thyrotroph Cells?
|
TRH
|
|
|
What stimulates Corticotroph Cells?
|
CRH
|
|
|
What stimulates Gonadotrophs?
|
GnRH
|
|
|
What other peptides does GRH show homology with?
|
Gastrin
VIP |
|
|
Why feature of TRH makes it possible to have so few Thyrotrophic Cells in the Pars Distalis?
|
The prohormone of TRH contains six copies of TRH.
|
|
|
What are the names of the nuclei observed in the pars nervosa?
|
special glial cells called pituicytes
|
|
|
Increased production of ACTH in the Pituitary gland can lead to what secondary physiological change?
|
Increased skin pigmentation due to MSH contained in the intermediate proteins from which ACTH is derived.
|
|
|
What factors stimulate GH secretion?
|
hypoglycemia
decreased free fatty acids arginine fasting/starvation puberty (estrogen/testosterone) exercise stress sleep |
|
|
What factors inhibit GH secretion?
|
Hyperglycemia
Increased free fatty acid conc. obesity senescence somatostatin somatomedin GH Pregnancy |
