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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the important human viruses in the genus Enterovirus?
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Poliovirus types 1-3, coxsackie A and B, echovirus, and enteroviruses 68-71
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What are the genera in the picornavirus family?
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Entrerovirus, Rhinovirus, Hepatvirus, Paraechovirus
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Describe the transmission of enteroviruses
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They are contagious viruses that are transmitted by the fecal oral route
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When is the peak incidence of enterovirus infections?
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Summer and early fall
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How do the majority of enteroviruses present clinically?
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Most are actually subclinical or mild infections
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Describe the immunity gained after infection with an enterovirus
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The immunity is long-term acquired to that specific serotype
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Herpangina is caused by what virus and what is it?
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Coxsackie A; febrile pharyngitis with vesicles on the soft palate
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Hand foot mouth disease can be caused by what virions? What are the symptoms?
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Coxsackie A16 and enterovirus 71; symptoms include characteristic vesicular lesions at the hands, feet and mouth +buttocks
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What is typically caused by the echo virus?
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Non-vesicular petectial exanthems
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What does coxsackie B virus cause?
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pleurodynia, myocarditis, pericarditis
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Acute-flaccid paralysis can be caused by which viruses?
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poliovirus and enterovirus 71
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What viruses cause acute hemorrhagic conjuctivitis?
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Coxsackie A or entero 70
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What viruses can cause an aseptic meningitis?
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echo and coxsackie A and B
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What virus causes myocarditis and pericarditis?
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Coxsackie B
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What virus can cause encephalitis?
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entero71
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When is lab diagnosis of enteroviral infections used?
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They are not routinely done except in situations that are serious such as potential viral meningitis
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What sort of assays are used for enteroviral diagnosis?
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Assays based on RT-PCR especially for CSF; viral isolation and cell culture
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Describe the Salk vaccine
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It is an inactivated polio vaccine that is trivalent (types 1-3); introduced in 1955 as an IM injection
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Describe the Sabin vaccine
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This is the live attenuated oral polio vaccine that replaced the Salk vaccine in 62 until the late 90s
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What is the major tool in global eradication of polio?
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Sabin OPV vaccine
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What is currently used to vaccinate children in the US?
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Salk IPV vaccine
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What is post-polio syndrome?
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Symptoms of fatigue, muscle weakness, atrophy, difficulty breathing seen in paralytic polio survivors of the 1950s epidemics
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What is the risk of vaccine associated paralytic polio and with what vaccine is it associated?
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The rate of VAPP was 1 per 560,000 and occurred due to the Sabin live attenuated oral vaccine
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Why was polio not seen until the 20th century?
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Prior to good sanitation, everyone was infected in the first year of life but had immunity via maternal IgG, so they became subclinically infected in the GI tract, giving life-long immunity
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What cells does the polio virus infect?
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The anterior horn cells of the spinal cord (cause of paralysis) or the motor cortex of the brain
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What types of symptoms and disease are seen with Coxsackie B virus?
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Muscle issues of cardiac and skeletal muscle including myocarditis, pericarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and pleurodynia (stabbing pain in chest and upper abdomen)
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