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132 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Ch. 1-01 The task of the psychologist is to
A) explore the unconscious.
B) understand and predict behaviour.
C) explain physiological functioning.
D) understand the impact of economic factors.
E) predict future events.

Type: MC Page Ref: 1-3
Skill: Factual
B
Ch. 1-02 Social psychology is defined as the scientific study of the way people's ________ are influenced by the ________ presence of other people.
A) thoughts and feelings.....real or imagined
B) thoughts, feelings, and behaviour.....real or imagined
C) behaviours.....real
D) behaviours… imagined
E) thoughts and behaviour.....imagined

Type: MC Page Ref: 6
Skill: Factual
B
Ch. 1-03 Which of the following is an example of social influence?
A) You didn't do well on the test because you stayed up all night cramming.
B) You feel guilty because you persuaded your professor to raise your grade on an exam.
C) You almost fell asleep at the wheel, so you pull off the road to take a short nap.
D) You decide to postpone work because you like to sleep in.
E) When you get hungry, you have trouble concentrating.

Type: MC Page Ref: 6
Skill: Conceptual
B
Ch. 1-04 Which of the following is an example of a direct persuasion attempt?
A) Ramona works hard in school to make her mother proud.
B) Jason moves from Calgary to P.E.I. and picks up a Maritimes accent.
C) Garin watches a romantic comedy to make his girlfriend happy.
D) Marianne thinks of her ex-boyfriend and becomes sad.
E) A bully threatens Billy and steals his lunch money.

Type: MC Page Ref: 6
Skill: Applied
E
Ch. 1-05 Not all social influence is direct or deliberate. Which of the following is the best example of more indirect or subtle social influence?
A) A political candidate delivers a speech to convince voters that she is not really liberal.
B) A parent disciplines his child by taking away her favorite toy.
C) Your friends try to persuade you to do something you don’t really want to do.
D) An advertising campaign is launched to promote a new soft drink.
E) A student is exposed to new ideas in his courses, and rethinks his original attitudes.

Type: MC Page Ref: 6
Skill: Conceptual
E
Ch. 1-06 From across the room, J.T. sees his mother sigh and he approaches to give her a hug in the hopes of cheering her up. In this case, J.T.'s behaviour is an example of ________ social influence attempt.
A) an unintended
B) a direct
C) an ineffective
D) a covert
E) an indirect

Type: MC Page Ref: 6
Skill: Applied
B
Ch. 1-07 What is the general topic of most interest to social psychologists?
A) Interpersonal relationships.
B) Social influence.
C) Anti-social behaviours.
D) Personality.
E) Attitudes and beliefs.

Type: MC Page Ref: 6
Skill: Factual
B
Ch. 1-08 The word "construal" refers to
A) the way in which people perceive, comprehend, and interpret the social world.
B) information provided by other people.
C) imagined events.
D) social norms.
E) objective reality.

Type: MC Page Ref: 6-7
Skill: Factual
A
Ch. 1-09 Jeremy is in love with Carol and views her temper as an endearing example of her "feistiness." Her coworkers, however, interpret Carol's temper as rude and insensitive. This example illustrates the power of love to influence our
A) construals.
B) behaviours.
C) relationships.
D) personality.
E) influence attempts.

Type: MC Page Ref: 6-7
Skill: Applied
A
Ch. 1-10 Which of the following is the best example of a construal?
A) Whether or not a woman decides to marry.
B) Results of a political poll.
C) The average age of people who vote for Liberal candidates.
D) The number of people in the audience of The Jerry Springer Show.
E) The aggressiveness of girls versus boys.

Type: MC Page Ref: 6-7
Skill: Conceptual
E
Ch. 1-11 Karen returns home from her first year of college, and is very proud of her first-year GPA. She earned a 3.0 ("B") average. She's unhappily surprised to discover that her parents are disappointed that she didn't perform better. This situation best represents the power of ________ in explaining social behaviour.
A) socialization
B) interpersonal conflict
C) family dynamics
D) achievement motivation
E) construals

Type: MC Page Ref: 6-7
Skill: Applied
E
Ch.1-12 Ted likes Diane and smiles at her every chance he gets. Diane wonders why Ted is always smirking at her sarcastically and studiously avoids him. Ted thinks he's being friendly and cannot understand Diane's standoffishness; Diane thinks Ted is a jerk and cannot figure out why he won't give up. This situation best represents the power of ________ in explaining social behaviour.
A) construals
B) biases
C) beliefs
D) social influence
E) attitudes

Type: MC Page Ref: 6-7
Skill: Applied
A
Ch. 1-13 Social psychologists use the term ________ to describe the way in which people perceive, comprehend, and interpret their social worlds.
A) perspective
B) construal
C) belief
D) assumption
E) social psychology

Type: MC Page Ref: 6-7
Skill: Factual
B
Ch. 1-14 Social psychologists differ from anthropologists and sociologists in that social psychologists
A) are concerned with people's construals of their social environments.
B) always use experiments.
C) advocate the use of common sense.
D) are reliant on the insights of philosophers.
E) are interested in how people are influenced by their social environments.

Type: MC Page Ref: 6-7
Skill: Factual
A
Ch. 1-15 Social psychologists are most like ________ when they test their hunches about social behaviour.
A) physicists
B) journalists
C) pollsters
D) the general public
E) philosophers

Type: MC Page Ref: 6-7
Skill: Conceptual
A
Ch. 1-16 Social psychologists believe that the best way to predict how a person will behave is to know something about
A) the norms of the culture in which the person lives.
B) the person’s childhood.
C) the person's socioeconomic status.
D) how the person perceives and interprets the social environment.
E) the person's enduring traits and dispositions.

Type: MC Page Ref: 6-7
Skill: Factual
D
Ch. 1-17 Jamal was confused by his sister's relationship with her boyfriend. They just didn't seem to have anything in common. "Oh well," Jamal figured, "I guess opposites really do attract." Jamal's explanation is an example of
A) philosophy.
B) folk wisdom.
C) social psychology.
D) rationalization.
E) sociology.

Type: MC Page Ref: 7
Skill: Applied
B
Ch. 1-18 Which of the following professionals are most likely to rely on common sense?
A) Social psychologists.
B) Sociologists.
C) Philosophers.
D) Personality psychologists.
E) Journalists.

Type: MC Page Ref: 7
Skill: Factual
E
Ch. 1-19 Journalists, politicians, and our grandmothers are most likely to rely on ________ in explaining social influence.
A) public opinion polls
B) empirical data
C) religious beliefs
D) idle speculation
E) common sense

Type: MC Page Ref: 7
Skill: Factual
E
Ch. 1-20 According to the authors of your text, one hazard of relying too heavily on folk wisdom is that
A) "common sense" is frequently wrong or oversimplified.
B) journalists and other communicators of "common sense" information are hopelessly biased.
C) "common sense" is useless to most social psychologists.
D) “common sense” is often contradictory.
E) it is impossible to agree on what is "common sense."

Type: MC Page Ref: 7-8
Skill: Factual
A
Ch. 1-21 Why is a scientific approach preferable to reliance on folk wisdom and common sense?
A) Common sense approaches focus on the situation and not on personality.
B) Common sense puts too much emphasis on personality.
C) Nothing useful can be learned from journalists, philosophers, or social critics.
D) Folk wisdom and common sense are filled with contradictions.
E) Science has tested and debunked most folk wisdom.

Type: MC Page Ref: 7-9
Skill: Conceptual
D
Ch. 1-22 When Prya and Mohammed returned home after a night on the town, they found their baby crying because her diaper needed to be changed. The babysitter was sitting in front of the television, ignoring the baby's crying. Mohammed and Prya decided that the babysitter was callous and uncaring, and they swore that they would never hire her again. Mohammed and Prya's interpretation of the babysitter's actions was based on
A) philosophy.
B) bias.
C) a deduction.
D) scientific methodology.
E) common sense.

Type: MC Page Ref: 7-9
Skill: Applied
E
Ch. 1-23 Consider the following pieces of folk wisdom: "Out of sight, out of mind" versus "Absence makes the heart grow fonder." These statements represent which of the following shortcomings of relying on common sense? The common sense of folk wisdom is often
A) irrational.
B) context dependent.
C) based on personal experience.
D) full of contradictory assumptions.
E) concerned with assigning blame.

Type: MC Page Ref: 7-9
Skill: Conceptual
D
Ch. 1-24 What does philosophy have in common with folk wisdom? Both often
A) contain contradictions, and it's difficult to know which explanation is right.
B) are incorrect in their assumptions about social behaviour.
C) are based on social norms.
D) become outdated with rapid societal changes.
E) rely on subjective construals.

Type: MC Page Ref: 7-9
Skill: Conceptual
A
Ch. 1-25 Social psychologists differ from journalists in that social psychologists
A) assume the worst about human nature.
B) analyze quotes from famous people.
C) are not concerned with social phenomena.
D) are not bound by a code of ethics.
E) rely on empirical arguments.

Type: MC Page Ref: 7
Skill: Factual
E
Ch. 1-26 Why is it unwise to rely on folk wisdom in explaining human social behaviour?
A) The ideas of folk wisdom are not relevant to contemporary society.
B) Social psychologists rely too much on folk wisdom.
C) Folk wisdom is often wrong or oversimplified.
D) People who rely on folk wisdom fail to consider the social environment.
E) Folk wisdom requires careful empirical analysis.

Type: MC Page Ref: 7
Skill: Conceptual
C
Ch. 1-27 One of the tasks of the social psychologist is to
A) ignore the notion of human consciousness.
B) make educated guesses about specific situations.
C) seek agreement with one another.
D) use folk wisdom to understand the social world.
E) integrate folk wisdom into modern psychology.

Type: MC Page Ref: 7
Skill: Conceptual
B
Ch. 1-28 When social psychologists want to test their hunches about why people help others, they are most likely to
A) ask their grandmothers.
B) conduct an experiment.
C) read philosophy.
D) look at social factors.
E) interview helpers and the recipients of help.

Type: MC Page Ref: 9
Skill: Conceptual
B
Ch. 1-29 A social psychologist is perplexed. Is it true that birds of a feather flock together, or do opposites attract? Confronted with these two contradictory pieces of folk wisdom, what is this social psychologist most likely to do?
A) Investigate the different situations in which each bit of common sense holds true.
B) Choose the explanation that makes more sense.
C) Ask his colleagues for their opinions.
D) Administer a questionnaire to see if some types of people fit into one category, while other types fit into the other category.
E) Choose a new topic for study.

Type: MC Page Ref: 9
Skill: Conceptual
A
Ch. 1-30 The social science that focuses on "macro" variables like social class is
A) social psychology.
B) sociology.
C) anthropology.
D) philosophy.
E) economics.

Type: MC Page Ref: 9-10
Skill: Factual
B
Ch. 1-31 Which of the following social phenomena would be of interest to both social psychologists and sociologists?
A) The relation between murder and social class.
B) The relationship between gender and homicide rates.
C) The variation of homicide rates across countries.
D) Teaching frustrated people alternatives to aggression.
E) The role of competition between groups in increasing aggression.

Type: MC Page Ref: 9-10
Skill: Conceptual
E
Ch. 1-32 Consider the following research question: "Have no-fault divorce laws increased the rate of divorce in the United States?" This question would most likely be asked by
A) a sociologist.
B) a social psychologist.
C) a personality psychologist.
D) a lawyer.
E) a philosopher.

Type: MC Page Ref: 9-10
Skill: Conceptual
A
Ch. 1-33 Consider the following research question: "How has new computer technology changed the Canadian educational system?" This question is most likely to be asked by
A) a sociologist.
B) an anthropologist.
C) a personality psychologist.
D) a philosopher.
E) a social psychologist.

Type: MC Page Ref: 9-10
Skill: Conceptual
A
Ch. 1-34 Your roommate left her homework on the couch, where you plan to watch TV. When you move her work, you notice that she is reading an article about how to decide whether someone really likes her. You conclude that your roommate is taking a class in
A) social psychology.
B) philosophy.
C) anthropology.
D) sociology.
E) political science.

Type: MC Page Ref: 9-10
Skill: Conceptual
A
Ch. 1-35 Professor Hume has spent the last 10 years studying the effects of people's tendency to aggress. She is most likely to be
A) a sociologist.
B) a philosopher.
C) an anthropologist.
D) an economist.
E) a social psychologist.

Type: MC Page Ref: 9-10
Skill: Applied
E
Ch. 1-36 Both social psychologists and sociologists are interested in aggression. Compared to sociologists, which of the following questions is a social psychologist most likely to ask?
A) What is the effect of hand gun laws on homicide rates in different regions?
B) Do prisons deter homicide?
C) Does increased policing lead to lower homicide rates?
D) Are homicide rates higher among members of the lower class?
E) When does frustration lead to aggression?

Type: MC Page Ref: 9-10
Skill: Conceptual
E
Ch. 1-37 Which question about romantic relationships is a sociologist most likely to ask?
A) Do extraverts make better lovers?
B) Is the capacity to love one of humans' greatest achievements?
C) Why does absence make the heart grow fonder?
D) Does attractiveness influence marriage satisfaction?
E) Why are marriage rates decreasing in the lower classes?

Type: MC Page Ref: 9-10
Skill: Conceptual
E
Ch. 1-38 Concepts like "institutions," "sociometric status," and "macro-level analysis" are most closely associated with
A) psychology.
B) sociology.
C) social work.
D) economics.
E) political science.

Type: MC Page Ref: 9-10
Skill: Factual
B
Ch. 1-39 Professor Forster is a personality psychologist interested in divorce. Which question is she most likely to investigate?
A) Why are divorce rates higher among the better educated?
B) Are some types of people more likely to divorce than others?
C) Do children reduce the odds of divorce?
D) Does a national economic crisis influence divorce rates?
E) Have the changing roles of women contributed to divorce?

Type: MC Page Ref: 10-11
Skill: Conceptual
B
Ch. 1-40 How might a personality psychologist explain the mass murder-suicide of the members of the Order of The Solar Temple?
A) The group members came from poor socio-economic backgrounds.
B) An increasingly complex and mobile society creates confusion and the need to belong to a group at any cost.
C) The leaders' control over their followers increased slowly over time.
D) She wouldn't try to explain it; personality psychologists are not interested in murder-suicide.
E) People who are characteristically unstable join cults.

Type: MC Page Ref: 10-11
Skill: Conceptual
E
Ch. 1-41 Compared to social psychologists, personality psychologists are more likely to focus their attention on
A) subjective construals.
B) positive behaviours.
C) social norms.
D) ideas from philosophy.
E) individual differences.

Type: MC Page Ref: 10-11
Skill: Factual
E
Ch. 1-42 Like social psychologists, personality psychologists focus on
A) the power of construals to shape human behaviour.
B) the cultural context.
C) social influence.
D) individual differences.
E) individuals rather than collectives or institutions.

Type: MC Page Ref: 10-11
Skill: Conceptual
E
Ch. 1-43 Unlike social psychologists, personality psychologists are most concerned with
A) mental illness.
B) how people are like one another.
C) the individual as a unit of analysis.
D) how people differ from one another.
E) subjective experiences.

Type: MC Page Ref: 10-11
Skill: Factual
D
Ch. 1-44 Sometimes when we encounter behaviour that is unpleasant or unexpected, we assume that something about the person-and not the situation-caused the behaviour. In this sense, we are most like
A) philosophers.
B) social psychologists.
C) anthropologists.
D) sociologists.
E) personality psychologists.

Type: MC Page Ref: 10-11
Skill: Conceptual
E
Ch. 1-45 Consider the following question about human nature: "Are authoritarian personalities more prejudiced than other people?" This question is most likely to be asked by
A) a philosopher.
B) a social psychologist.
C) an anthropologist.
D) a personality psychologist.
E) a sociologist.

Type: MC Page Ref: 10-11
Skill: Conceptual
D
Ch. 1-46 Professor Gomez studies the relationship between introversion and depression. Professor Gomez is most likely to be
A) a sociologist.
B) an anthropologist.
C) a philosopher.
D) a social psychologist.
E) a personality psychologist.

Type: MC Page Ref: 10-11
Skill: Applied
E
Ch. 1-47 According to the text, which of the following statements is true regarding the difference between the way social psychologists approach the study of human behaviour and the approach others take?
A) Unlike philosophers, social psychologists study only the observable behaviours of people, and not their inner thoughts and feelings.
B) Unlike sociologists, social psychologists adopt a scientific approach to the study of people.
C) Unlike philosophers, sociologists, and personality psychologists, social psychologists seek to predict human behaviour.
D) Unlike personality psychologists, social psychologists are less concerned with individual differences than with the influence of the social situation on behaviour.
E) Unlike clinical psychologists, social psychologists focus on the pathological.

Type: MC Page Ref: 6-11
Skill: Factual
D
Ch. 1-48 Which of the following questions is most likely to be asked by a social psychologist?
A) Are some characteristics genetically determined?
B) Do some types of people make better leaders than others?
C) What situations cause people to behave rudely?
D) Are some people more vulnerable to mental disorders?
E) Are some kinds of people more susceptible to recruitment into cults?

Type: MC Page Ref: 10-11
Skill: Conceptual
C
Ch. 1-49 Matt's server in the restaurant just can't seem to get his order right. If Matt had just read Chapter 1 on social influence and was thinking more like a social psychologist than before, what would he be most likely to think?
A) This person is a chronic dolt.
B) This person must have had a bad morning.
C) The server has a problem hearing.
D) Our educational system is failing us.
E) Human beings are inherently lazy.

Type: MC Page Ref: 10-11
Skill: Conceptual
B
Ch. 1-50 Whereas social psychologists focus on ________, personality psychologists focus on ________.
A) groups.....individuals
B) how people are alike.....how people are unique
C) societal forces.....the individual
D) the individual… mental disorders
E) how people are unique.....how people are alike

Type: MC Page Ref: 10-11
Skill: Factual
B
Ch. 1-51 Which of the following is a shortcoming of a personality approach?
A) Research has not validated personality concepts like "extraversion" or "defense mechanisms."
B) There is no consistency in human behaviour.
C) Personality psychologists rely too much on philosophy.
D) Personality psychologists don't use the scientific method.
E) Personality psychologists underestimate the power of social influence.

Type: MC Page Ref: 10-11
Skill: Factual
E
Ch. 1-52 The tendency we all have to discount situational explanations of behaviour in favour of personality characteristics or traits is called the
A) character bias.
B) discounting effect.
C) prejudice.
D) blame assignment bias.
E) fundamental attribution error.

Type: MC Page Ref: 12
Skill: Factual
E
Ch. 1-53 Suzanna and April were playing in the den when April's mother entered the room and scolded them for making a mess. Suzanna decided then and there that April's mother was a grouch. Suzanna's inference is an example of
A) social cognition.
B) self-justification.
C) blame assignment bias.
D) a self-fulfilling prophecy.
E) the fundamental attribution error.

Type: MC Page Ref: 12
Skill: Applied
E
Ch. 1-54 Which of the following people have fallen prey to the fundamental attribution error?
A) Tim, who points to a person who fell down and says, "What a clumsy oaf!"
B) Sophie, who explains her poor exam performance by pointing out how hard the questions were.
C) Don, who attributes his loss in a chess game to bad luck.
D) Alex, who explains his girlfriend's tears by saying, "She didn't get enough sleep last night."
E) Beatriz, who points to an erratic driver and says, "Look at that! The roads are slick tonight."

Type: MC Page Ref: 12
Skill: Conceptual
A
Ch. 1-54 Which of the following people have fallen prey to the fundamental attribution error?
A) Tim, who points to a person who fell down and says, "What a clumsy oaf!"
B) Sophie, who explains her poor exam performance by pointing out how hard the questions were.
C) Don, who attributes his loss in a chess game to bad luck.
D) Alex, who explains his girlfriend's tears by saying, "She didn't get enough sleep last night."
E) Beatriz, who points to an erratic driver and says, "Look at that! The roads are slick tonight."

Type: MC Page Ref: 12
Skill: Conceptual
A
Ch. 1-56 Given the nature of their training, ________ would be least likely to commit the fundamental attribution error?
A) social psychologists
B) counseling psychologists
C) personality psychologists
D) sociologists
E) clinical psychologists

Type: MC Page Ref: 11-12
Skill: Conceptual
A
Ch. 1-57 In explaining social behaviour, why is the tendency to overestimate personal forces and to underestimate the power of situational forces referred to as "the fundamental attribution error?" This attributional bias
A) is the key to social influence.
B) is unavoidable.
C) the first step to identifying causes.
D) develops very early in childhood.
E) is common and widespread.

Type: MC Page Ref: 11-12
Skill: Conceptual
E
Ch. 1-58 Which of the following is a consequence of underestimating the power of social influence?
A) The social world is more predictable.
B) We tend to overcomplicate simple situations.
C) We become too confident.
D) We overestimate our vulnerability to social situations.
E) We develop a false sense of security.

Type: MC Page Ref: 12-13
Skill: Factual
E
Ch. 1-59 According to the text, to conclude that cult members who commit mass suicide are "weak-minded" people who are particularly susceptible to influence is to:
A) overestimate the strength of social forces which influence the behaviour of individuals.
B) commit the fundamental attribution error.
C) accurately identify the most important cause of their behaviour.
D) take a primarily sociological approach to understanding these events.
E) engage in counterfactual thinking.

Type: MC Page Ref: 12-13
Skill: Factual
B
Ch. 1-60 How would a social psychologist explain why some parents might fail to protect their children from the harm caused by cult leaders?
A) Parents vulnerable to stress or mental illnesses (such as depression) succumb to the influence of cults more than parents without these risk factors.
B) The leaders utilize mind control techniques to influence cult members' behaviour.
C) Situational factors and social influence techniques overwhelm the parents' resistance and judgment.
D) The parents are unfit to care for their children.
E) The parents lack the intelligence or education to evaluate the effects of the cult on themselves and their families.

Type: MC Page Ref: 12-13
Skill: Conceptual
C
Ch. 1-61 According to the text, the problem with committing the fundamental attribution error is that:
A) it ignores the fact that people may behave very differently in different situations (e.g., be shy in some situations and outgoing in others).
B) it oversimplifies complex situations and thus decreases our understanding of the causes of behaviour.
C) we are often unaware of it.
D) it may lead you to underestimate your own vulnerability to social influence.
E) all of the above.

Type: MC Page Ref: 12-13
Skill: Conceptual
E
Ch. 1-62 Ross and Samuels (1993) found that people playing the "Wall Street Game" were ________ competitive than people playing the "Community Game," ________ of individual differences in competitiveness and cooperativeness.
A) less.....independent of
B) more.....because
C) less….. despite of
D) less.....because
E) more.....independent of

Type: MC Page Ref: 11-13
Skill: Conceptual
E
Ch. 1-63 Recall that Ross and Samuels (1993) randomly assigned participants previously identified as either competitive or cooperative to one of two games: the "Wall Street Game," or the "Community Game." Also recall that fully twice as many players in the Wall Street Game behaved competitively compared to people who played the Community Game. What do these findings suggest?
A) True personality differences do not exist.
B) Even minor aspects of a social situation can override personality differences.
C) All the competitive people ended up in the Wall Street Game group by chance.
D) It is not important to study individual differences in personality.
E) All the competitive people ended up playing the Wall Street Game.

Type: MC Page Ref: 11-13
Skill: Conceptual
B
Ch. 1-64 Assume that Ross and Samuels (1993) randomly assigned participants previously identified as cooperative and participants identified as competitive to play a game that was labeled either the "Wall Street Game," or the "Community Game." Further assume that no matter what the game, participants who were identified as competitive behaved more competitively in both groups than did participants who were identified as cooperative. What would these findings suggest?
A) Cooperation and competition are based on personality characteristics that sometimes transcend social situations.
B) Cooperative participants in the Community Game caused their partners to respond in kind.
C) Competitive participants in the Wall Street Game caused their partners to respond in kind.
D) Social situations and personality characteristics are equally important.
E) Even minor aspects of a social situation can override personality differences.

Type: MC Page Ref: 11-13
Skill: Conceptual
A
Ch. 1-65 Your text describes an experiment in which students could choose to play competitively or cooperatively in a game either called the "Wall Street Game" or the "Community Game." Which of the following is a valid conclusion to reach based on the results of that experiment?
A) It takes major changes in the social environment to overcome the powerful influence of personality traits such as competitiveness.
B) Personality characteristics change from situation to situation.
C) Friends and acquaintances were better able to predict the behaviour of these students than were the psychologists.
D) Personality differences are not important when it comes to predicting behaviour.
E) Even seemingly trivial aspects of the social situation can greatly influence behaviour.

Type: MC Page Ref: 11-13
Skill: Conceptual
E
Ch. 1-66 When Tiffany plays volleyball with her friends, she is a team player. When she goes bowling with them, she does her best to beat them. These observations suggest that
A) Tiffany is ambivalent about how she feels about her friends.
B) Tiffany's personality is unstable.
C) Tiffany thinks her friends are bad bowlers.
D) Tiffany is blindly obedient to the rules of the game.
E) Tiffany is responding to norms as a source of social influence.

Type: MC Page Ref: 12-14
Skill: Conceptual
E
Ch. 1-67 Behaviourists believe that all learning is a result of
A) interpretation.
B) reinforcement and punishment.
C) personality characteristics.
D) emotion.
E) Gestalt principles.

Type: MC Page Ref: 15
Skill: Factual
B
Ch. 1-68 In discussing the issue of parental discipline, which of the following professionals would be least likely to remind parents that it's important to take the perspective of the child?
A) A journalist.
B) A behaviourist.
C) A personality psychologist.
D) A philosopher.
E) A social psychologist.

Type: MC Page Ref: 15
Skill: Conceptual
B
Ch. 1-69 Linda tells her professor that her dog is very smart. Every time he hears the word "walkies," he runs to get his leash and stands in front of the door. Linda's professor tells her that her dog has learned to do this because in the past, pleasant walks always followed the word "walkies." Linda's professor is most likely a
A) Gestalt psychologist.
B) social psychologist.
C) cognitive psychologist.
D) comparative psychologist.
E) behaviourist.

Type: MC Page Ref: 15
Skill: Applied
E
Ch. 1-70 Professor Kingsley believes that children learn to be polite when they are rewarded for saying things like "Please" and "Thank you." Professor Kingsley is most likely a ________ psychologist.
A) behavioural
B) social
C) personality
D) cognitive
E) Gestalt

Type: MC Page Ref: 15
Skill: Applied
A
Ch. 1-71 The behaviourist approach
A) claims that although thinking and feeling cannot be directly observed, such concepts are essential for a complete understanding of human behaviour.
B) began with a focus on conscious awareness.
C) has its historical roots in Gestalt psychology.
D) revolutionized psychology by introducing cognitive concepts.
E) claims that all learning occurs through reinforcement and punishment.

Type: MC Page Ref: 15
Skill: Factual
E
Ch. 1-72 In trying to make sense of the mass murder-suicide of the members of the Order of the Solar Temple, a behaviourist would probably examine the
A) rewards and punishments that the leaders used to influence their followers.
B) contents of the speeches that the leaders delivered to their followers.
C) prior mental health of the people who committed suicide.
D) attitudes and values of the people who committed suicide.
E) childhood of the followers.

Type: MC Page Ref: 15
Skill: Conceptual
A
Ch. 1-73 Which of the following is a criticism of behaviourism?
A) Behaviourists do not properly employ the scientific method.
B) Behaviourist explanations are too simplistic to explain all human social behaviour.
C) Concepts like reinforcement and punishment are too vague.
D) Scientists cannot deal with concepts like "thinking" or "feeling" in an objective way.
E) Terms like "cognition" or "thinking" or "feeling" are too vague to be studied.

Type: MC Page Ref: 15
Skill: Factual
B
Ch. 1-74 To understand humans, one needs only to know about environmental rewards and punishments. This statement would most likely be endorsed by a(n)
A) Gestalt psychologist.
B) social psychologist.
C) sociologist.
D) environmental psychologist.
E) behaviourist.

Type: MC Page Ref: 15
Skill: Applied
E
Ch. 1-75 Which of the following questions is a behaviourist most likely to ask?
A) How does the person construe this situation?
B) Are some types of people more likely to find praise reinforcing?
C) How does a person feel when they receive a reward?
D) Why is a smile perceived as a reward?
E) What are the external rewards in this situation?

Type: MC Page Ref: 15
Skill: Applied
E
Ch. 1-76 Social psychologists' emphasis on construals of social situations has its roots in ________ psychology.
A) Gestalt
B) personality
C) developmental
D) behavioural
E) cognitive

Type: MC Page Ref: 15-18
Skill: Factual
A
Ch. 1-77 In trying to make sense of the mass murder-suicide of the members of the Order of the Solar Temple, a Gestaltist would probably
A) examine the external rewards and punishments used by the leaders.
B) ask about the childhood of the Temple followers.
C) ponder the subjective meaning of the act to Temple followers.
D) ask about the traumatic events in the lives of Temple followers.
E) consult a social psychologist.

Type: MC Page Ref: 15-16
Skill: Conceptual
C
Ch. 1-78 Marta left a party feeling very upset. Rather than trying to recall each conversation she had during the party, Marta tried to explain her feelings by reflecting on the party as a whole. The process Marta used resembles the approach used by ________ psychologists.
A) behavioural
B) health
C) social
D) personality
E) Gestalt

Type: MC Page Ref: 15-16
Skill: Conceptual
E
Ch. 1-79 The whole is different from the sum of its parts. This statement reflects a tenet of ________ psychology.
A) behavioural
B) functional
C) physiological
D) Gestalt
E) cognitive

Type: MC Page Ref: 15-16
Skill: Conceptual
D
C
Ch. 1-80 One of Kurt Lewin's boldest intellectual contributions to social psychology was
A) promoting the use of observational methods.
B) applying behavioural principles to the topic of social influence.
C) applying Gestalt principles to social perception.
D) investigating the impact of culture on behaviour.
E) reminding social psychologists that objective physical attributes of a social stimulus are important.

Type: MC Page Ref: 16
Skill: Factual
D
Ch. 1-81 B.F. Skinner is to behaviourism as Kurt Lewin is to ________.
A) personality psychology
B) sociology
C) functionalism
D) Gestalt psychology
E) structuralism

Type: MC Page Ref: 16-17
Skill: Factual
D
Ch. 1-82 The "father" of social psychology, Kurt Lewin, pointed out the importance of understanding how people ________ their social environments.
A) manipulate
B) structure
C) construe
D) dismiss
E) control

Type: MC Page Ref: 16
Skill: Factual
C
Ch. 1-83 What do social psychologists mean by the expression "subjective situations"?
A) The random way in which people impose meaning on stimuli.
B) The combination of elements that compose a situation.
C) People's tendency to distort their interpretations of social situations.
D) The way that situations control people's behaviour.
E) The way a situation is interpreted by people.

Type: MC Page Ref: 16-17
Skill: Factual
E
Ch. 1-84 In their approach to understanding social behaviour, social psychologists are most similar to
A) personality psychologists.
B) sociologists.
C) Gestalt psychologists.
D) behaviourists.
E) psychoanalysts.

Type: MC Page Ref: 15-16
Skill: Conceptual
C
Ch. 1-85 Because their intellectual roots lie more in Gestalt psychology than in ________, social psychologists tend to focus less on objective aspects of a social situation, and more on ________.
A) sociology.....rewards and punishments
B) psychoanalysis.....unconscious processing
C) personality psychology.....rewards and punishments
D) behaviourism.....people's subjective interpretations
E) behaviourism.....the consequences of social behaviour

Type: MC Page Ref: 15-17
Skill: Conceptual
D
Ch. 1-86 When Mark goes to give Jean a congratulatory pat on the back after a job well done, she jumps and turns away. Mark has just read Chapter 1, and fancies himself something of a Gestalt psychologist. What is he likely to think about Jean's behaviour?
A) Jean must really dislike me.
B) Jean must have been abused as a child.
C) What's her problem? A pat on the back is a reinforcer.
D) Jean must have low self-esteem.
E) Jean must have interpreted my gesture differently than I intended.

Type: MC Page Ref: 15-16
Skill: Applied
E
Ch. 1-87 You have probably heard the expression, "A rose is a rose is a rose." Who would be most likely to disagree with that expression?
A) A Gestalt psychologist.
B) A personality psychologist.
C) A developmental psychologist.
D) Behaviourist.
E) An agronomist.

Type: MC Page Ref: 15-16
Skill: Conceptual
A
Ch. 1-88 Social psychologists have identified two motives that are of primary importance in explaining our thoughts and behaviours. These are the need to ________ and the need to ________.
A) be as accurate as possible.....feel good about ourselves
B) enhance our power.....feel good about ourselves.
C) feel good about ourselves.....belong
D) be as accurate as possible.....maintain social control
E) enhance our power.....be as accurate as possible

Type: MC Page Ref: 16-17
Skill: Factual
A
Ch. 1-89 Jacob was pouring gravy when he dropped the ladle and splattered gravy all over the tablecloth. In order to maintain his self-esteem, Jacob decided that
A) spilling the gravy was embarrassing to his family.
B) the ladle was slippery and anyone would have dropped it.
C) he was a clumsy person.
D) he does not like gravy.
E) he would be more careful next time.

Type: MC Page Ref: 18-19
Skill: Conceptual
B
Ch. 1-90 People often construe the world as they do in order to maintain a favourable image of themselves. This assumption underlies the ________ approach.
A) public image
B) behaviourist
C) accuracy motive
D) self-esteem
E) self-perception

Type: MC Page Ref: 18-19
Skill: Factual
D
Ch. 1-91 When asked why she is always losing things, Marti replies, "I'm not careless. It's just that I have more important things to think about." This response would be predicted by a social psychologist who advocates ________ approach to understanding human behaviour.
A) a social cognition
B) a Gestalt
C) a developmental
D) a self-perception
E) a self-esteem

Type: MC Page Ref: 18-19
Skill: Applied
E
Ch. 1-92 Given the choice between distorting the world in order to enhance their self-esteem, or viewing the world accurately, people often
A) put a slightly different spin on things to feel good about themselves.
B) refuse to make a choice, behaving erratically.
C) choose accuracy and thereby suffer from low self-esteem.
D) choose accuracy and maintain self-esteem.
E) completely distort reality.

Type: MC Page Ref: 18-19
Skill: Factual
A
Ch. 1-93 Jacob's lover of four years just left him. He's hurt, angry, and confused and says to himself, "She never did understand my need for independence." This explanation for the break-up best reflects which human motive?
A) Protecting other people's self-worth.
B) Sacrificing happiness in the interest of accuracy.
C) Protecting one's self-esteem.
D) Deserting reality under stress.
E) Justifying our suffering.

Type: MC Page Ref: 18-19
Skill: Applied
C
Ch. 1-94 Leslie cannot say "no" to anyone. Consequently she takes on too much, and doesn't fulfill her commitments as promptly as she might. Assume that when asked to explain these behaviours, Leslie is motivated to be accurate in her self-perceptions. What would she be most likely to say?
A) "You know me. I'm a go-getter who can't stand being bored."
B) "I'm just a kind person who doesn't like to let anyone down."
C) "I guess I'm a bit of a pushover, and take on more than I can responsibly handle."
D) "I work better when I'm under pressure."
E) "I guess you can't teach an old dog new tricks."

Type: MC Page Ref: 18-19
Skill: Applied
C
Ch. 1-95 Bill is viewed by most people he knows as rude, brusque, and completely unconcerned with other people's feelings. He, in contrast, describes himself as efficient and task-oriented. Bill's self-description best reflects the motive to
A) justify our troublesome behaviours.
B) justify our failed efforts.
C) perceive the world accurately.
D) justify other's perceptions.
E) succeed at any cost.

Type: MC Page Ref: 18-19
Skill: Applied
A
Ch. 1-96 What is one likely undesirable consequence of foregoing accuracy in favour of justifying our past behaviours? Justifying past behaviour can
A) decrease our self-esteem.
B) decrease the probability of learning from past experiences.
C) decrease our self-worth.
D) cause us to totally distort reality.
E) decrease our self-confidence in social situations.

Type: MC Page Ref: 18-19
Skill: Factual
B
Ch. 1-97 Tom saw a fad weight-loss program advertised on late night television. The ad claimed that deep breathing exercises would speed up metabolism, causing people to lose weight. He mailed a check for $99.95. When the plan arrived, Tom rearranged his day so that he could complete the breathing exercises as scheduled. They made him nauseated and dizzy, and before long, Tom's friends began to think that he was "dizzy," and they began to avoid him. After the end of the ten-week program, Tom got on the scale and saw that he hadn't lost an ounce! Still, he remained enthusiastic and thought, "I may not have lost any weight, but I feel so much healthier!" This situation is best explained by
A) the self-fulfilling prophecy.
B) delusional thinking.
C) self-defeating perceptions.
D) the justification of suffering.
E) accurate self-perceptions.

Type: MC Page Ref: 18-19
Skill: Applied
D
Ch. 1-98 Assume that April visits two highly similar graduate programs before she decides which one to attend. At University X, she is wined and dined, and made to feel at home. At University 1, April is asked to give a public talk about her research interests, grilled by prospective advisers, and asked to write a long essay about her qualifications. April decides to attend University 1, where she had a more stressful time. This situation best exemplifies self-justification that arises from
A) accuracy motives.
B) positive reinforcement.
C) the decision paradox.
D) suffering.
E) negative reinforcement.

Type: MC Page Ref: 18-19
Skill: Applied
D
Ch. 1-99 Melissa, Frida, Kathleen, and Suzanne went mountain-climbing. Which one of the women would most appreciate the view from the top of the mountain?
A) Kathleen, who enjoyed seeing the different types of trees on the mountain.
B) Kelly, who was surprised at how simple she found the climb.
C) Lynne, who daydreamed about her husband while she climbed.
D) Frida, who pulled a muscle and got scratched by thorns.
E) Melissa, who climbed while listening to arousing music on her headphones.

Type: MC Page Ref: 18-19
Skill: Conceptual
D
Ch. 1-100 You might have heard the old Groucho Marx quip, "I wouldn't belong to any club that would have me." From a self-esteem perspective in social psychology, what would be a more accurate-if less humorous-statement?
A) "I would most want to belong to a club that initially wouldn't have me."
B) "I wouldn't want to join any club at all."
C) "I would prefer to be alone."
D) "I would most want to avoid a club that would have me."
E) "I would most want to belong to any club that would have me."

Type: MC Page Ref: 18-19
Skill: Conceptual
A
Ch. 1-101 Social psychological research has convincingly demonstrated that the ________ the initiation to join a group, the ________ the initiates like the group.
A) shorter.....less
B) milder.....more
C) more severe.....less
D) longer.....more
E) more severe.....more

Type: MC Page Ref: 18-19
Skill: Factual
E
Ch. 1-102 Which of the following situations is at odds with the self-esteem approach to understanding human behaviour?
A) Geoff who fails an exam in his physics course and is mocked by the professor, but decides to stick with the course and work harder.
B) Rachel studied for years to pursue a career for which she was poorly suited. She works 60 hours a week in the sleet and hot sun. Still, she says that she is thrilled with her job.
C) John absolutely hates the fraternity he pledged. As part of his initiation, he carried bricks up and down stairs, got paddled, wore funny hats, and sang silly songs.
D) Susan drives 200 miles to buy a dress that most people would call incredibly ugly. She loves it and can't wait to wear it to the next party.
E) Jim can't stand his social psychology course, but suffers through the entire semester. At the end of the semester, when he evaluates the course, he gives it high marks.

Type: MC Page Ref: 18-19
Skill: Conceptual
C
Ch. 1-103 Your text describes the experiences of Dee Brasseur, one of Canada's first female military pilots. Even though she endured harassment, assault, and rape during her military career, she says that she loves the military and would recommend it to anybody. According to the text, her attitude is most likely a consequences of:
A) her desire to feel good about herself.
B) a self-fulfilling prophecy.
C) her need to accurately understand the world.
D) delusional thinking.
E) evolutionary motives.

Type: MC Page Ref: 18
Skill: Conceptual
A
Ch. 1-104 Assume that, contrary to research findings, people who undergo a severe initiation to join a group actually like the group less than do people who undergo a mild initiation. If these findings were true, they would provide support for a ________ approach to social influence.
A) personality
B) social cognitive
C) self-esteem
D) Gestalt
E) behaviourist

Type: MC Page Ref: 18
Skill: Conceptual
E
Ch. 1-105 Research by social psychologists has demonstrated that the more unpleasant the hazing required of initiates to join a group, the more they actually like the group. What do these findings suggest about a behaviourist approach?
A) Although they can explain much, behaviourists have trouble explaining some social behaviours.
B) Behaviourists overlooked the concept of "superstitious behaviours."
C) The behaviourist approach does not adequately define the terms "reinforcement" and "punishment."
D) The behaviourist approach does not apply to social psychology.
E) Reinforcers and punishers never work on humans the way they work on other animals.

Type: MC Page Ref: 18-19
Skill: Conceptual
A
Ch. 1-106 Michelle raises her hand in class. Her answer is wrong and the teacher scolds her. After that, Michelle doesn't participate much in class. This situation is most compatible with a ________ approach to understanding and predicting behaviour.
A) self-esteem
B) behaviourist
C) self-justification
D) Gestalt
E) social cognition

Type: MC Page Ref: 18-19
Skill: Applied
B
Ch. 1-107 The social cognition approach is based on the notion that humans are often motivated to
A) actualize.
B) enhance their self-esteem.
C) justify their behaviours.
D) be accurate in their perceptions and inferences.
E) seek out reinforcers and avoid punishers.

Type: MC Page Ref: 20
Skill: Factual
D
Ch. 1-108 Human beings are often motivated to construe themselves and the social world accurately. A ________ approach is based on this assumption.
A) social cognition
B) self-esteem
C) social psychological
D) behaviourist
E) health psychology

Type: MC Page Ref: 20
Skill: Factual
A
Ch. 1-109 Social cognition is the study of how people
A) interpret the actions of others.
B) evaluate the groups to which they belong.
C) think about themselves and the social world.
D) react to rewards and punishers.
E) decide how to act in social settings.

Type: MC Page Ref: 20
Skill: Factual
C
Ch. 1-110 Social psychologist Smythe assumes that students are motivated to perceive themselves and their social environments accurately. Professor Smythe is most likely
A) a developmental researcher.
B) a social cognition researcher.
C) a personality researcher.
D) an incurable optimist.
E) a self-esteem researcher.

Type: MC Page Ref: 20
Skill: Applied
B
Ch. 1-111 The ________ approach portrays humans as akin to sleuths like Sherlock Holmes, who try their best to accurately make sense of the facts.
A) esteem enhancement
B) self-esteem
C) social cognition
D) psychoanalytic
E) rational-economic

Type: MC Page Ref: 20
Skill: Factual
C
Ch. 1-112 According to social cognition researchers, we sometimes have difficulty making sense of the social world because we
A) choose to ignore the relevant facts.
B) ignore simple decisions in favour of complex decisions.
C) lack the stamina to seek out all the relevant facts.
D) do not have the intellectual capacity to understand the relevant facts.
E) are inherently flawed in our reasoning.

Type: MC Page Ref: 20-21
Skill: Factual
C
Ch. 1-113 Julia eats granola bars and avoids chocolate bars, even though the granola bars contain 50% more fat and 15% more sodium than the chocolate bars. According to a social cognition approach, why might that be? Julia
A) needs to justify paying more for the granola bar.
B) would score low on a test of intelligence.
C) is motivated to convince her friends that she is a healthy person.
D) failed to seek out all the relevant facts about the nutrition value of those snacks.
E) is motivated to see herself as a healthy person.

Type: MC Page Ref: 20-21
Skill: Conceptual
D
Ch. 1-114 Sometimes our expectations about the social world are fulfilled simply because we believe them to be true. Which example best illustrates this point?
A) Jill expected to fail her psychology exam, so she studied extremely hard.
B) Karen expected her blind date to be funny, so she cracked a lot of jokes. He laughed along and told some jokes of his own.
C) Luke expected his girlfriend to be angry when he arrived two hours late, and she was.
D) Janet expected the social psychology exam to be easy, and she earned an "A."
E) Jaime expected his blind date to be beautiful. After paying for an expensive meal, he convinced himself that she was.

Type: MC Page Ref: 20
Skill: Applied
B
Ch. 1-115 The term "self-fulfilling prophecy" refers to the tendency to
A) be motivated to fulfill our hopes and dreams.
B) ignore social cues.
C) live up to our highest expectations of ourselves.
D) strive for self-actualization.
E) inadvertently elicit the very behaviours we expect from others.

Type: MC Page Ref: 20
Skill: Conceptual
E
Ch. 1-116 According to the text, the phenomenon called "self-fulfilling" prophecy occurs because:
A) we always respond best to positive reinforcers.
B) we engage in the process of self-justification in order to maintain reasonably high self-esteem.
C) the way we construe (or interpret) situations is subject to distortions.
D) our expectations influence the way we behave, and produce the reality we expect.
E) as predicted by evolutionary psychology, the characteristics that help us survive will be passed on to our children.

Type: MC Page Ref: 20-21
Skill: Conceptual
D
Ch. 1-117 You've heard that members of a certain fraternity or sorority are snobs. Whenever you see members of that fraternity or sorority, you look down and hurry past them. When they don't greet you, you say to yourself, "Just like I thought-they're all arrogant snobs." You have experienced a phenomenon known as
A) irrational disparagement.
B) the self-fulfilling prophecy.
C) self-esteem enhancement.
D) accurate perceptual placement.
E) the motivated attribution error.

Type: MC Page Ref: 20-21
Skill: Conceptual
B
Ch. 1-118 Recall that Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) told teachers that some of their students were "bloomers." Consequently, those students actually performed better than students who were not labeled as bloomers. This finding suggests that
A) teachers' expectations were powerful in influencing the bloomers' behaviours.
B) the bloomers really were better students than their peers.
C) the bloomers were selected by intelligence.
D) the teachers were motivated to prove that the researchers were right.
E) the teachers were motivated to reward bloomers and punish the others.

Type: MC Page Ref: 20
Skill: Conceptual
A
Ch. 1-119 Imagine that you were a student in one of the classrooms in the self-fulfilling prophecy study by Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968). If you're like most students, you would ________ to be labeled a bloomer, because your teacher would ________.
A) not want.....place unreasonable demands on you
B) not want.....make you work alone
C) want.....pay more attention to you and encourage you more
D) want.....give you more time at recess
E) not want.....grade you more critically

Type: MC Page Ref: 20-21
Skill: Conceptual
C
Ch. 1-120 How would a social psychology researcher explain the results of Rosenthal and Jacobson's (1968) study in which erroneous teacher expectations changed the behaviours of their students?
A) The students in this study were atypical.
B) Intelligence tests are poor predictors of academic performance.
C) Teachers, like many of us, are irrational.
D) Teachers, like many of us, are motivated to see themselves in a positive light.
E) Our social expectations influence our own and others' behaviours.

Type: MC Page Ref: 20-21
Skill: Conceptual
E
Ch. 1-121 Juan told Marco that Marco would hate their new teacher. Indeed, when Marco met the teacher, she struck him as rude, arrogant, and uncaring. Marco's evaluation of the teacher is an example of
A) displacement.
B) self-justification.
C) the self-fulfilling prophecy.
D) Gestalt inferences.
E) reinforcement.

Type: MC Page Ref: 20-21
Skill: Applied
C
Ch. 1-122 Why would social psychologists be interested in teachers' expectations of their students?
A) Teachers are experts in evaluating students' academic performance.
B) Teachers, by virtue of their training, are better evaluators of student performance.
C) Teachers are the major influence on children's self-esteem.
D) The classroom is a good place to study the effects of expectations on performance.
E) Teachers have a wealth of experience in dealing with children.

Type: MC Page Ref: 20-21
Skill: Conceptual
D
Ch. 1-123 Which of the following questions would be of most interest to a social cognition researcher?
A) Why is the whole different from the sum of its parts?
B) Why are people motivated to maintain their self-esteem?
C) How does the motive to control the environment influence social behaviours?
D) How do punishers prevent future behaviours?
E) What factors prevent people from reasoning accurately?

Type: MC Page Ref: 21
Skill: Conceptual
E
Ch. 1-124 With which of the following statements would the authors of Chapter 1 be most likely to agree?
A) In humans, biological motives are unimportant.
B) The motive to enhance self-esteem is the most powerful motive of all.
C) Human beings are complex organisms and are influenced by a variety of motives.
D) The strongest predictor of behaviour is based in our upbringing.
E) The motive to perceive the world accurately is the most powerful motive of all.

Type: MC Page Ref: 21-22
Skill: Conceptual
C
Ch. 1-125 Social Influence can best be understood by examining the ________ that influence ________.
A) stimuli.....social behaviour
B) punishers.....negative outcomes
C) rewards.....conformity
D) motives.....people's construals
E) situations.....the self-fulfilling prophecy

Type: MC Page Ref: 23
Skill: Factual
D
Ch. 1-126 Which of the following is true about social psychologists' interest in social problems?
A) Social problems are too complex to be addressed by social psychologists.
B) Interest in social problems has arisen only in the last decade.
C) Contemporary social psychologists are not interested in social problems.
D) Social problems have been a concern since the beginning of social psychology.
E) Generally, social psychologists cannot study social problems.

Type: MC Page Ref: 23
Skill: Factual
D
Ch. 1-127 Professor Beauchamp conducts research on persuasion. She is trying to discover how to convince illiterate adults to attend literacy classes. Dr. Beauchamp's work is an example of
A) behaviourist experiments.
B) research on individual differences.
C) applied social psychology.
D) cognitive psychology.
E) Gestalt psychology.

Type: MC Page Ref: 23
Skill: Applied
C
Ch. 1-128 In an effort to convince more women to get mammograms, few public service ads on television work to scare women into taking advantage of that procedure to detect breast cancer. Instead of focusing on the ravages of cancer, such ads often point to the benefits of early detection and consequent cure. From a social-psychological perspective, this makes sense because
A) people are more motivated to prevent a health problem than to detect one.
B) messages that evoke fear seldom if ever are successful at influencing behaviour.
C) people will not fully watch an ad that evokes fear.
D) frightened women might underestimate the odds that they would contract breast cancer.
E) when it comes to health, people are more motivated to be accurate than to feel good.

Type: MC Page Ref: 23
Skill: Conceptual
D
Ch. 1-129 Curtailing the spread of AIDS by using scary television ads to frighten people into practicing safe sex is unlikely to work because
A) viewers may protect their self-esteem by denying that the message is relevant to them.
B) it is hard to know whether a given ad is frightening enough.
C) the contents of such ads are too controversial, and offend most viewers.
D) people's are not well informed enough about the disease for the ads to be effective.
E) the government will not fund such projects.

Type: MC Page Ref: 23
Skill: Factual
A
Ch. 1-130 After reading Chapter 1, if you were to advise producers of a safe-sex television campaign, what would you tell them?
A) Remember that sometimes people would rather feel good than be accurate.
B) Beware of the fundamental attribution error.
C) Be sure to include statistics on the number of new cases of AIDS in Canada.
D) Remember to provide complete information and get your facts right.
E) AIDS is more likely to be transmitted via intravenous drug use than via sex.

Type: MC Page Ref: 23
Skill: Applied
A
Ch. 1-131 Keeping in mind the authors' discussion of the misplaced approach to AIDS prevention, which of the ad campaigns below is least likely to work?
A) Political ads that use humor.
B) Ads that use celebrity athletes to endorse athletic shoes.
C) Ads that do not elicit any emotion from the viewers.
D) Ads that show a fried egg and say, "This is your brain on drugs."
E) Pain reliever ads that use charts and graphs.

Type: MC Page Ref: 23
Skill: Applied
D
Ch. 1-132 According to the authors' discussion of research aimed at promoting safe sex in order to prevent AIDS, which of the following ads is most likely to work?
A) An ad that helps people accurately understand the statistics regarding the odds of getting aids from unprotected sex.
B) An ad that stops people from engaging in denial about their chances of getting AIDS.
C) An ad that shows people of all ages suffering from AIDS.
D) An ad that shows graphic pictures of someone dying from AIDS.
E) An ad that tries to generate fear of getting AIDS.

Type: MC Page Ref: 23
Skill: Applied
A