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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
CONTRAST X RAY TECHNIQUES
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X RAY TECHNIQUES THAT INVOLVE THE INJECTION INTO ONE COMPARTMENT OF THE BODY A SUBSTANCE THAT ABSORBS X RAYS EITHER LESS THAN OR MORE THAN THE SURROUNDING TISSUE
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CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY
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CONTRAST X RAY TECHNIQUE FOR VISUALIZING THE CEREBRAL CIRCULATORY SYSTEM BY INFUSING A RADIO-TRANSLUCENT DYE INTO A CEREBRAL ARTERY
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COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT)
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A COMPUTER-ASSISTED X RAY PROCEDURE THAT CAN BE USED TO VISUALIZE THE BRAIN AND OTHER INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF THE LIVING BODY
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CRYOGENIC BLOCKADE
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THE TEMPORARY ELIMINATION OF NEURAL ACTIVITY IN AN AREA OF THE BRAIN BY COOLING THE AREA WIHT A CROPROBE
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CANNULA
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FINE, HOLLOW TUBE THAT IS IMPLANTED IN THE BODY FOR THE PUROSE OF INTRODUCING OR EXTRACTING SUBSTANCES
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CEREBRAL DIALYSIS
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METHOD FOR RECORDING CHANGES IN BRAIN CHEMISTRY IN BEHAVING ANIMALS IN WHICH A FINE TUBE WITH A SHORT SEMIPERMEABLE SECTION IS IMPLANTED IN THE BRAIN AND EXTRACELLULAR NEUROCHEMICALS ARE CONTINUOUSLY DRAWN OFF FOR ANALYSIS
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CONSTITUENT COGNITIVE PROCESSES
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SIMPLE COGNITIVE PROCESSES THAT COMBINE TO PRODUCE COMPLEX COGNITIVE PROCESSES AND THAT ARE ASSUMED TO BE MEDIATED BY NERUAL ACTIVITY IN PARTICULAR PARTS OF THE BRAIN
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COLONY-INTRUDER PARADIGM
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PARADIGM FOR THE STUDY OF AGGRESSIVE AND DEFENSIVE BEHAVIORS IN MALE RATS; A SMALL MALE INTRUDER RAT IS PLACED IN AN ESTABLISHED COLONY IN ORDER TO STUDY THE AGGRESSIVE RESPONSES OF THE COLONY'S ALPHA MALE AND THE DEFENSIVE RESPONSES OF THE INTRUDER
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CONDITIONED DEFENSIVE BURRYING
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BURIAL OF A SOURCE OF AVERSIVE STIMULATION BY RODENTS
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ALPHA WAVES
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REGULAR 8-12 PER SECOND, HIGH AMPLITUDE EEG WAVES THAT TYPICALLY OCCUR DURING RELAXED WAKEFULNESS AND JUST BEFORE FALLING ASLEEP
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ASPIRATION
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A LESION TECHNIQUE IN WHICH TISSUE IS DRAWN OFF BY SUCTION THROUGH THE FINE TIP OF A GLASS PIPETTE
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AUTORADIOGRAPHY
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TECHNIQUE OF PHOTOGRAPHICALLY DEVELOPING BRIAN SLICES THAT HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO A RADIOACTIVELY LABELED SUBSTANCE SUCH AS 2-DG SO THAT REGIONS OF HIGH UPTAKE ARE VISIBLE
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BEHAVIORAL PARADIGM
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A SINGLE SET OF PROCEDURES DEVELOPED FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF A PARTICULAR BEHAVIORAL PHENOMENON
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BOLD SIGNAL
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A BLOOD-OXYGEN-LEVEL-DEPENDENT SIGNAL, WHICH IS RECODED BY FMRI AND IS RELATED TO THE LEVEL OF NERUAL FIRING
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BRAINBOW
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A NEUROANATOMICAL TECHNIQUE THAT INVOLVES INSERTING VARIOUS MUTATIONS OF THE GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN GENE INTO EURAL TISSUE SO THAT DIFFERENT NEURONS FLUORESCE IN DIFFERENT COLORS
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BREGMA
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THE POINT ON THE SURFACE OF THE SKULL WEHRE TWO OF THE MAJOR SUTURES INTERSECT, COMMONLY USED AS A REFERENCE POINT IN THE STEREOTAXIC SURGERY ON RODENTS
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DEFAULT MODE
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THE PATTERN OF BRAIN ACTIVITY THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH RELAXED WAKEFULNESS, WHEN AN INDIVIDUAL IS NOT FOCUSED ON THE EXTERNAL WORLD
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DEFAULT MODE NETWORK
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THE NETWORK OF BRAIN STRUCTURES THAT TENDS TO BE ACTIVE WHEN THE BRAIN IS IN DEFAULT MODE
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2-DEOXYGLUCLOSE (2-DG)
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A SUBSTANCE SIMILAR TO GLUCOSE THAT IS TAKEN UP BY ACTIVE NEURONS IN THE BRAIN AND ACCUMULATES IN THEM BECAUSE IT CANNOT BE METABOLIZED
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DICHOTIC LISTENING TEST
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A TEST OF LANGUAGE LATERALIZATION IN WHICH TWO DIFFERENT SEQUENCES OF THREE SPOKEN DIGITS ARE PRESENTED SIMULTANEOUSLY, ONE TO EACH EAR AND THE SUBJECT IS ASKED TO REPORT ALL OF THE DIGITS HEARD
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DIGIT SPAN
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THE LONGEST SEQUENCE OF RANDOM DIGITS THAT CAN BE REPEATED CORRECTLY 50% OF THE TIME - MOST PEOPLE HAVE A DIGIT SPAN OF 7
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ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (EKG)
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A RECORDING OF THE ELECTRICAL SIGNALS ASSOCIATED WITH HEARTBEATS
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ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG)
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A MEASURE OF THE GROSS ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN THROUGH DISK-SHAPED ELECTRODES, WHICH IN HUMANS ARE USUALLY TAPED TO THE SURFACE OF THE SCALP
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ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY
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A TECHNIQUE FOR RECORDING THE GROSS ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN THROUGH DISK-SHAPED ELECTRODES WHICH IN HUMANS ARE USUALLY TAPED TO THE SURFACE OF TEH SCALP
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ELECTROMYOGRAM (EMG)
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A MEASURE OF THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF MUSCLES
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ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
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A PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING MUSCLE TENSION BY RECORDING THE GROSS ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES OF MUSCLES
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ELECTROOCULOGRAM (EOG)
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A MEASURE OF EYE MOVEMENT
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ELECTROOCULOGRAPHY
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A TECHNIQUE FOR RECORDING EYE MOVEMENTS THROUGH ELECTRODES PLACED AROUND THE EYE
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EVENT RELATED POTENTIALS (ERP's)
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THE EEG WAVES THAT REGULARLY ACCOMPANY CERTAIN PSYCHOLOGICAL EVENTS
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ELEVATED PLUS MAZE
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AN APPARATUS FOR RECORDING DEFENSIVENESS OR ANXIETY IN RATS BY ASSESSING THEIR TENDENCY TO AVOID THE TWO OPEN ARMS OF A PLUS-SIGN-SHAPED MAZE MOUNTED SOME DISTANCE ABOVE THE FLOOR OF A LAB
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FAR-FIELD POTENTIALS
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EEG SIGNALS RECORDED IN ATTENUATED FORM AT THE SCALP BECAUSE THEY ORIGINATE FAR AWAY
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FUNCTIONAL MRI (fMRI)
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A MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING TECHNIQUE FOR INFERRING BRAIN ACTIVITY BY MEASURING INCREASED OXYGEN FLOWI NTO PARTICULAR AREAS
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GENE KNOCKOUT TECHNIQUES
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PROCEDURES FOR CREATING ORGANISMS THAT LACK A PARTICULAR GENE
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GENE REPLACEMENT TECHNIQUES
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PROCEDURES FOR CREATING ORGANISMS IN WHICH A PARTICULAR GENE HAS BEEN REPLACED WITH ANOTHER
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GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN (GFP)
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A PROTEIN THAT IS FOUND IN SOME SPECIES OF JELLYFISH AND THAT FLUORESCES WHEN EPOSED TO BLUE LIGHT; THUS, INSERTING GFP GENES INTO NEURONS ALLOWS RESEARCHERS TO VISUALIZE THE NEURONS
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IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY
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A PROCEDURE FOR LOCATING PARTICULAR PROTEINS IN THE BRAIN BY LABELING THEIR ANTIBODIES WITH A DYE OR RADIOACTIVE ELEMENT AND THEN EXPOSING SLICES OF BRAIN TISSUE TO THE LABLED ANTIBODIES
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IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION
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A TECHNIQUE FOR LOCATING PARTICULAR PROTEINS IN THE BRAIN; MOLECULES THAT BIND TO THE MRNA THAT DIRECTS THE SYNTHESIS OF THE TARGET PROTEIN ARE SYNTHESIZED AND LABELED, AND BRIAN SLICES ARE EXPOSED TO THEM
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LORDOSIS
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THE ARCHED-BACK, RUMP-UP-TAIL-TO-THE-SIDE POSTURE OF FEMALE RODENT SEXUAL RECEPTIVITY, WHICH SERVES TO FACILITATE INTROMISSION
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LORDOSIS QUOTIENT
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THE PROPORTION OF MOUNTS THAT ELICIT LORDOSIS
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MORRIS WATER MAZE
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A POOL OF MILKY WATER THAT HAS A GOAL PLATFORM INVISIBLE JUST BENEATH ITS SURFACE AND IS USED TO STUDY THE ABILITY OF RAT TO LEARN SPATIAL LOCATIONS
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MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
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A PROCEDURE IN WHICH HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGES OF THE STRUCTURES OF THE LIVING BRAIN ARE CONSTRUCTED FORM THE MEASUREMENT OF WAVES THAT HYDROGEN ATOMS EMIT WHEN THEY ARE ACTIVATED BY RADIO-FREQUENCY WAVES INA MAGNETIC FIELD
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MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY (MEG)
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A TECHNIQUE FOR RECORDING CHANGES PRODUCED IN MAGNETIC FIELDS ON THE SURFACE OF THE SCALP BY CHANGES IN UNDERLYING PATTERNS OF NERUAL ACTIVITY
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OPEN-FIELD TEST
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A METHOD FOR RECORDING AND SCORING THE GENERAL ACTIVITY OF AN ANIMAL IN A LARGE, BARREN CHAMBER
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PAIRED-IMAGE SUBTRACTION TECHNIQUE
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THE USE OF PET OR FMRI TO LOCATE CONSTITUENT COGNITIVE PROCESSES IN THE BRAIN BY PRODUCING AN IMAGE OF THE DIFFERENCE IN BRAIN ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH TWO COGNITIVE TASKS THAT DIFFER IN TERMS OF A SINGLE CONSTITUENT COGNITIVE PROCESS
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POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET)
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A TECHNIQUE FOR VISUALIZING BRAIN ACTIVITY, USUALLY BY MEASURING THE ACCUMULATION OF RADIOACTIVE 2-DG OR RADIOACTIVE WATER IN THE VARIOUS AREAS OF THE BRAIN
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PLETHYSMOGRAPHY
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ANY TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING CHANGS INT HE VOLUME OF BLOOD IN A PART OF THE BODY
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P300 WAVE
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THE POSITIVE WAVE THAT OCCURS ABOUT 300 MILLISECONDS AFTER A MOMENTARY STIMULUS THAT HAS MEANING FOR THE SUBJECT
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REPETITION PRIMING TESTS
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TESTS OF IMPLICIT MEMORY; IN ONE EXAMPLE, A LIST OF WORDS IS PRESENTED THEN FRAGMENTS OF THE ORIGINAL WORDS ARE PRESENTED AND THE SUBJECT IS ASKED TO COMPLETE THEM
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RADIAL ARM MAZE
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A MAZE INW HICH SEVERAL ARMS RADIATE OUT FROM A CENTRAL STARTING CHAMBER, COMMONLY USED TO TO STUDY RATS' SPATIAL LEARNING
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SELF-STIMULATION PARADIGM
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A PARADIGM IN WHICH ANIMALS PRESS A LEVER TO ADMINISTER REINFORCING ELECTRICAL STIMULATION TO THEIR OWN BRAINS
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SKIN CONDUCTANCE LEVEL (SCL)
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THE STEADY LEVEL OF SKIN CONDUCTANCE ASSOCIATED WITH A PARTICULAR SITUATION
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SKIN CONDUCTANCE RESPONSE (SCR)
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TRANSIENT CHANGE IN SKIN CONDUCTANCE ASSOCIATED WITH A BRIEF EXPERIENCE
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SODIUM AMYTAL TEST
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A TEST INVOLVING THE ANESTHETIZATION OF FIRST ONE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE AND THEN THE OTHER TO DETERMINE WHICH HEMISPHERE PLAYS THE DOMINANT ROLE OF LANGUAGE
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SPATIAL RESOLUTION
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ABILITY OF A RECORDING TECHNIQUE TO DETECH DIFFERENCES IN SPATIAL LOCATION
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SPECIES-COMMON BEHAVIORS
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BEHAVIORS THAT ARE DISPLAY IN THE SAME MANNER BY VIRTUALLY ALL LIKE MEMBERS OF A SPECIES
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STEREOTAXIC ATLAS
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A SERIES OF MAPS REPRESENTING THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN THAT IS USED TO DETERMINE COORDINATES FOR STEREOTAXIC SURGERY
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STEREOTAXIC INSTRUMENT
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A DEVICE FOR PERFORMING STEREOTAXIC SURGERY, COMPOSED OF TWO PARTS: A HEAD HOLDER AND AN ELECTRODE HOLDER
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SENSORY EVOKED POTENTIAL
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A CHANGE IN THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN THAT IS ELICITED BY THE MOMENTARY PRESENTATION OF A SENSORY STIMULUS
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SIGNAL AVERAGING
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A METHOD OF INCREASING THE SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO BY REDUCING BACKGROUND NOISE
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TEMPORAL RESOLUTION
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ABILITY OF A RECORDING TECHNIQUE TO DETECT DIFFERENCES IN TIME
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THIGMOTAXIC
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TENDING TO STAY NEAR THE WALLS OF AN OPEN SPACE SUCH AS A TEST CHAMBER
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TOKEN TEST
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A PRELIMINARY TEST FOR LANGUAGE-RELATED DEFICITS THAT INVOLVES FOLLOWING VERBAL INSTRUCTIONS TO TOUCH OR MOVE TOKENS OF DIFFERENT SHAPES, SIZES, AND COLORS
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TRANSCRANICAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION (TMS)
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A TECHNIQUE FOR DISRUPTING THE ACTIVITY IN AN AREA OF THE CORTEX BY CREATING A MAGNETIC FIELD UNDER A COIL POSITIONED NEXT TO THE SKULL; THE EFFECT OF THE DISRUPTION ON COGNITION IS ASSESSED TO CLARIFY THE FUNCTION OF THE AFFECTED AREA OF THE CORTEX
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WECHSLER ADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALE (WAIS)
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A WIDELY USED TEST OF GENERAL INTELLIGENCE THAT INCLUDES 11 SUBTESTS
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WISCONSIN CARD SORTING TEST
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A TEST THAT EVALUATES A PATIENTS ABILITY TO REMEMBER THAT PREVIOUSLY LEARNED RULES OF BEHAVIOR ARE NO LONGER EFFECTIVE AND TO LEARN TO RESPOND TO NEW RULES
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