Pinel Ch 10

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ANEURYSM

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A PATHOLOGICAL BALLOON LIKE DILATION THAT FORMS INT HE WALL OF A BLOOD VESSEL AT A POINT WHERE THE ELASTICITY OF THE VESSE WALL IS DEFECTIVE

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ARTERIOSCLEROSIS

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A CONDITION IN WHICH BLOOD VESSELS ARE BLOCKED BY THE ACCUMULATION OF FAT DEPOSITS ON THEIR WALLS

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ATAXIA

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LOSS OF MOTOR COORDINATION

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AMYLOID

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A PROTEIN THAT IS NORMALLY PRESENT IN SMALL AMOUNTS IN THE HUMAN BRAIN BUT IS MAJOR CONSTITUENT OF THE NUMEROUS PLAQUES INT EH BRAINS OF ALZHEIMERS PATIENTS

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ANTEROGRADE DEGENERATION

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THE DEGENERATION OF DISTAL SEGMENT OF A CUT AXON

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CEREBRAL HEMMORAGE

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BLEEDING IN THE BRAIN

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CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA

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AN INTERRUPTION OF THE BLOOD SUPPLY TO ANY AREA OF THE BRAIN

COMMON CAUSE OF MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE AMNESIA

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CONTUSIONS

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CLOSED HEAD INJURIES INVOLVE DAMAGE TO THE CEREBRAL CIRCULATOR SYSTEM, PRODUCING INTERNAL HEMORRHAGING

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CONTRECOUP INJURIES

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CONTUSIONS THAT OCCUR ON THE SIDE OF THE BRAIN OPPOSITE OT THE SIDE OF A BLOW

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CONCUSSION

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DISTURBANCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS FOLLOWING A BLOW TO THE HEAD WITH NO CEREBRAL BLEEDING OR OBVIOUS STRUCTURAL DAMAGE

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CONVULSIONS

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MOTOR SEIZURES

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COMPLEX PARTIAL SEIZURES

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SEIZURES THAT ARE CHARACTERIZED BY VARIOUS COMPLEX PSYCHOLOGICAL PHENOMENA AND ARE THOUGHT TO RESULT FROM TEMPORAL LOBE DISCHARGES

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COLLATERAL SPROUTING

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THE GROWTH OF AXON BRANCHES FROM MATURE NEURONS, USUALLY TO POSTSYNAPTIC SITES ABANDONED BY ADJACENT AXONS THAT HAVE DEGENERATED

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DISTAL SEGMENT

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THE SEGMENT OF A CUT AXON BETWEEN THE CUT AND THE AXON TERMINALS

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ENCAPSULATED TUMOR

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TUMORS THAT GROW WITHIN THEIR OWN MEMBRANE

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EMBOLISM

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THE BLOCKAGE OF BLOOD FLOW IN A SMALLER BLOOD VESSEL BY A PLUG THAT WAS FORMED IN A LARGER BLOOD VESSEL AND CARRIED BY THE BLOODSTREAM TO THE SMALLER ONE

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ENCEPHALITIS

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INFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED WITH BRAIN INFECTION

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EPIDEMIOLOGY

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STUDY OF THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE DISTRIBUTION OF A DISEASE IN THE GENERAL POPULATION

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GENERAL PARESIS

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INSANITY AND INTELLECTUAL DETERIORATION RESULTING FROM SYPHILITIC INFECTION

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GENERALIZED SEIZURES

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SEIZURES THAT INVOLVE THE ENTIRE BRAIN

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GRAND MAL SEIZURE

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A SEIZURE WHOSE SYMPTOMS ARE LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS, LOSS OF EQUILIBRIUM, AND A VIOLENT TONIC-CLOIC CONVULSION

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HEMATOMA

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A BRUISE

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HYPOXIA

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SHORTAGE OF OXYGEN SUPPLY TO TISSUE

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INFILTRATING TUMORS

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TUMORS THAT GROW DIFFUSELY THROUGH SURROUNDING TISSUE

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KINDLING PHENOMENON

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PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT AND INTENSIFICATION OF CONVULSIONS ELICITED BY A SERIES OF PERIODIC LOW INTENSITY BRAIN STIMULATIONS

MOST COMMONLY BY DAILY ELECTRICAL SIMULATIONS TO THE AMYGDALA

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LEWY BODIES

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CLUMPS OF PROTEINS OBSERVED IN THE SURVIVING DOPAMINERGIC NEURONS OF PARKINSONS

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L DOPA

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CHEMICAL PRECURSOR OF DOPAMINE

USED IN THE TREATMENT OF PARKINSONS

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MPTP

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NEUROTOXIN PRODUCING A DISORDER IN PRIMATES THAT IS SIMILAR TO PARKINSONS DISEASE

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MENINGITIS

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INFLAMMATION OF THE MENINGES, USUALLY CAUSED BY BACTERIAL INFECTION

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MENINGIOMAS

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TUMORS THAT GROW BETWEEN THE MENINGES

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NMDA RECEPTORS

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GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS THAT PLAY KEY ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF STROKE-INDUCED BRAIN DAMAGE AND LONG TERM POTENTIATION AT GLUTAMINERGIC SYNAPSES

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NIGROSTRIATAL PATHWAY

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PATHWAY ALONG WHICH AXONS FROM THE SUBSTANTIA NIGRA PROJECT TO THE STRIATUM

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DEPRENYL

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MONOAMINE AGONIST THAT HAS BEEN SHOWN TO RETARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF PARKISONS DISEASE

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PROXIMAL SEGMENT

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THE SEGMENT OF A CUT AXON BETWEEN THE CUT AND CELL BODY

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PETIT MAL SEIZURE

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A GENERALIZED SEIZURE THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY DISRUPTION OF CONCIOUSNESS AND A 3-PER-SECOND SPIKE-AND-WAVE EEG DISCHARGE

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PARTIAL SEIZURE

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SEIZURES THAT DO NOT INVOLVE ENTIRE BRAIN

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PENUMBRA

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THE AREA OF BRAIN TISSUE AROUND AN INFARCT, IN WHICH THE DEGREE OF DAMAGE CAN VARY

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SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

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MIDBRAIN NUCLEUS WHOSE NEURONS PROJECT VIA THE NIGROSTRIATAL PATHWAY TO THE STRIATUM OF THE BASAL GANGLIA

PART OF THE MESOTELENCEPHALIC DOPAMINE SYSTEM AND DEGENERATES IN CASES OF PARKINSONS

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SIMPLE PARTIAL SEIZURES

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PARTIAL SEIZURES IN WHICH THE SYMPTOMS ARE PRIMARILY SENSORY OR MOTOR OR BOTH

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STRIATUM

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A STRUCTURE OF THE BASAL GANGLIA THAT IS THE TERMINAL OF THE DOPAMINERGIC NIGROSTRIATAL PATHWAY AND IS DAMAGED IN PARKINSONS

SEEMS TO PLAY A ROLE IN MEMORY FOR CONSISTENT RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STIMULI AND RESPONSES IN MULTIPLE-TRIAL TASKS

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SUBTHALAMIC NUCEUS

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A NUCLEUS THAT LIES JUST BELOW THE THALAMUS AND IS CONNECTED TO THE BASAL GANGLIA

DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION APPLIED TO THIS SITE HAS BEEN USED TO TREAT PARKINSONS

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RETROGRADE DEGENERATION

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DEGENERATION OF THE PROXIMAL SEGMENT OF A CUT AXON

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THROMBOSIS

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THE BLOCKAGE OF BLOOD FLOW BY A PLUG (A THROMBUS) AT THE SITE OF ITS FORMATION

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STROKES

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SUDDEN-ONSET CEREBROVASUCLAR DISORDERS THAT CAUSE BRAIN DAMAGE

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3 PER SECOND SPIKE AND WAVE DISCHARGE

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THE CHARACTERISTIC EEG PATTERN OF THE PETIT MAL SEIZURE

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TOXIC PSCYHOSIS

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A CHRONIC PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER PRODUCED BY EXPOSURE TO A NEUROTOXIN

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TRANSNEURONAL DEGENERATION

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DEGENERATION OF A NEURON CAUSED BY DAMAGE TO ANOTHER NEURON TO WHICH IT IS LINKED BY A SYNAPSE

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INFARCT

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AREA OF DEAD OR DYING TISSUE PRODUCED BY A STROKE