Pima Cc Nursing Pharm Week 2

Front 1

excretion

Back 1

elimination of drugs from body via kidneys, urine, lungs, exocrine glands (sweat), skin, intestines, mammaries, salivary glands

Front 2

half life

Back 2

time of half the drug to be eliminated
most drugs are eliminated after 4 half lives

Front 3

steady state/ peak concentration

Back 3

absorption rate=excretion rate
not always same as time of peak response

Front 4

duration

Back 4

length of time of therapeutic effect

Front 5

onset of action

Back 5

time from administration to therapeutic effect

Front 6

agonist drug

Back 6

has affinity for and stimulates receptor

Front 7

antagonist drug

Back 7

has affinity for receptor but no intrinsic activity

Front 8

competitive antagonist

Back 8

competes with agonist for receptor sites and can be overpowered by increased does of agonist

Front 9

non-competitive agtagonist

Back 9

irreversibly binds to receptors and can't be overpowered by agonist

Front 10

non-selective drug

Back 10

acts on a variety of receptors with multiple widespread effects

Front 11

potency

Back 11

relative amount of drug required to produce desired response
(drug x is more potent than drug y if it produces same effect at lower dose)

Front 12

maximum effect

Back 12

increase in dose yields little or no increase in response

Front 13

therapeutic effect

Back 13

"margin of safety" - ratio between therapeutic effects vs adverse effects
higher number is safer

Front 14

empiric therapy

Back 14

based on practical experience rather than pure scientific data

Front 15

supportive therapy

Back 15

doesn't treat cause of disease but maintains other threatened systems

Front 16

drug tolerance

Back 16

decreased response to drug over time

Front 17

drug dependence

Back 17

physical or psychological dependence on drug
displays withdrawal when dc'd

Front 18

additive effects

Back 18

drugs with similar effects
one drug adds to the effect of the other

Front 19

synergistic interaction

Back 19

one drug multiplies effect of other

Front 20

potentiation

Back 20

specific type of synergism
2 drugs with different actions
one drugs action is made greater with presence of other

Front 21

antagonistic drug interaction

Back 21

combined effect is less than either drug alone

Front 22

drug interaction - absorption

Back 22

drugs that change stomach ph can affect another drug's ability to dissolve

Front 23

drug interaction - protein binding

Back 23

2 drugs compete for binding sites increasing effects of diplaced unbound drug

Front 24

drug interaction - excretion

Back 24

toxic drug levels occur when metabolism and excretion are inhibited by another drug

Front 25

iatrogenic effects

Back 25

mimic pathological disorders

Front 26

idiosyncratic response

Back 26

related to pts genetic makeup

Front 27

toxicity

Back 27

ADR caused by excessive dosing

Front 28

allergic reaction

Back 28

immune response - must be prior sensitization
intensity determined by degree of sensitization not dose

Front 29

anaphylactic reaction

Back 29

severe allergic reaction that affects almost all body systems

Front 30

teratogenic effect

Back 30

drug induced birth defect

Front 31

pregnancy

Back 31

hepatic metabolism and glomerular filtration increase - may need higher doses - 1st trimester gross malformations 2-3 trim functional impairments

Front 32

pediatrics

Back 32

neonates (1st 4 wks) drug response is slower than adults
1 mo - 12 yrs faster than adults

Front 33

geriatric

Back 33

organ decline slows things down
adverse reactions much more common
non adherence is common - most is intentional