Pihma Pharmacology Final True Or False

Front 1

An antibiotic that is bacteriocidal is better than a bacteriostatic one in immunocompromised patients.

Back 1

True

Front 2

The antibiotics most commonly associated with hypersensitivity reactions are penicillins cephalosporins.

Back 2

True
(they are derived from a fungus)

Front 3

Metronidazole should not be taken with alcohol because it causes a reaction like disulfiram (antabuse)

Back 3

True

Front 4

One of the most dangerous bacterial infections caused by oral broad spectrum antibiotics is Clostridium dificile (C. Dif)

Back 4

True

Front 5

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics can be caused by a simple mutation such as a change in one amino acid.

Back 5

True

Front 6

One way that bacterial resistance is expressed is active efflux of the antibiotic drug.

Back 6

True

Front 7

Some staph aureus are now resistant not only to methicillin but also vancomycin

Back 7

True

Front 8

Medicare is no longer reimbursing hospitals for "preventable" infections such as infections from a catheter

Back 8

True

Front 9

Amphotericin is sometimes called "amphoterrible" because of the many serious side effects.

Back 9

True

Front 10

Coccidiomycosis is endemic in Arizona but many people who have it go undiagnosed because of lack of testing for the fungus.

Back 10

True

(Coccidiomycosis is Valley Fever)

Front 11

One function of estrogen in oral contraceptives is prevention of formation of a dominant follicle.

Back 11

True

Front 12

Progestins potentiate the luteinizing hormone surge, preventing ovulation.

Back 12

False
(progestins lower the lutenizing hormone surge as well as FSH)

Front 13

Progestins lower the luteinizing hormone surge, preventing ovulation

Back 13

True

Front 14

Progestins lower FSH

Back 14

True

Front 15

Lybrel was designed to eliminate periods (menstruation) for as long as needed.

Back 15

True

Front 16

Estrogen excess is associated with hirsutism.

Back 16

False

Front 17

Progesterone excess is associated with hirsutism.

Back 17

True

Front 18

Hirsutism is innapropriate hair growth in women (facial hair, hair around areola, ambilicus)

Back 18

True

Front 19

Combination estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives are not recommended in women with coronary artery disease.

Back 19

True

Front 20

Some women experience life-threatening bleeding after takin the abortion pill combination of RU486 (mirfipex) & Cytotec (misoprostol)

Back 20

True

Front 21

Progestin-only contraceptives may be appropriate for women with coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure or cerebrovascular disease

Back 21

True

Front 22

Viagra and other drugs for erectile dysfuction work by decreasing nitric oxide.

Back 22

False

Front 23

Viagra and other drugs for erectile dysfunction work by releasing nitric oxide.

Back 23

True

Front 24

Viagra, Levitra, & Cialis have all been associated with blindness and prolonged erections.

Back 24

True

Front 25

Drugs with more than 99% protein binding are generally safe to use while breast feeding.

Back 25

True

Front 26

All of the drugs currently approved for Alzheimer's disease are cholinesterase inhibitors.

Back 26

False

Front 27

Early onset Alzheimer's disease is associated with a chromosome 21 abnormality.

Back 27

True

Front 28

Aricept can cause dizziness, but this is not a problem in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Back 28

False

Front 29

Cholinesterase Inhibitors & Glutamate Antagonists are the main drugs used for the treatment of alzheimers

Back 29

True

Front 30

One of the abnormal findings in patients with Alzheimer's disease is increased glutamate.

Back 30

True

Front 31

Aricept works by decreasing levels of acetylcholine in the brain.

Back 31

False

Front 32

Aricept works to inhibit the breakdown of acetylcholine by cholinesterase in the brain, thereby increasing the levels of acetylcholine.

Back 32

True

Front 33

Aricept should be used with caution in Alzheimer's disease patients who have asthma.

Back 33

True
(cholinesterase inhibitors cause bronchioconstriction)

Front 34

Cholinesterase inhibitors cause bronchioconstriction.

Back 34

True

Front 35

Autopsy of Alzheimer's disease patients has shown decreased levels of both acetylcholine and insulin.

Back 35

True

Front 36

Statins such as Crestor are being administered in clinical trials to prevent Alzheimer's disease.

Back 36

True

Front 37

Trials with a vaccine to get rid of beta amyloid plaques have resulted in fewer plaques and less senility in Alzheimer's disease patients.

Back 37

False

Front 38

Bocking Tau proteins has not stopped the progression of Alzheimer's disease in clinical trials.

Back 38

False

Front 39

Byetta is derived from the Gila monster and has been associated with pancreatitis.

Back 39

True

Front 40

Drugs that decrease hepatic glucose output and enhace peripheral glucose uptake should not be taken with insulin.

Back 40

False

Front 41

Drugs that decrease hepatic glucose output and enhance peripheral glucose uptake should be taken with insulin.

Back 41

True

Front 42

The miscellaneous antidiabetics Byetta & Simlin both cause weight loss.

Back 42

True

Front 43

Problems associated with insulin resistance are due to glycosylation of proteins (i.e. glucose attaches itself itself to proteins, making them abnormal)

Back 43

True

Front 44

Usually the first sign of diabetes in cats is cataracts.

Back 44

False

Front 45

Usually the first sign of diabetes in dogs is cataracts.

Back 45

True

Front 46

A plantigrade stance is a sign of diabetes in cats.

Back 46

True

Front 47

Antidiabetic drugs that stimualte insulin release work for type 1.

Back 47

False
(not enough insulin, insulin resistance)

Front 48

Januvia has been associated with respiratory infections.

Back 48

True

Front 49

Hyperthyroidism is associated with brittle hair and weight gain.

Back 49

False

Front 50

Hypothyroidism is associated with brittle hair and weight gain.

Back 50

True

Front 51

Most side effects of thyroid hormones used for hypothyroidism are due to too little thyroid hormone.

Back 51

False

Front 52

Thyroid storm is a life threatening emergency.

Back 52

True

Front 53

Benzodiazepines alleviate anxiety by increasing levels of GABA in the brain.

Back 53

True

Front 54

Overdosing on benzodiazepines usuallly causes death.

Back 54

False

Front 55

Children often "catch" anxiety from their parents

Back 55

True

Front 56

Most of the sedative hypnotics are GABA agonists

Back 56

True

Front 57

Most of the sedative hypnotics are Glutamate agonists

Back 57

False
(they are GABA agonists)

Front 58

Drugs such as benzodiazapines often cause anterograde amnesia

Back 58

True

Front 59

Drugs such as benzodiazapines often cause retrograde amnesia

Back 59

False
(they cause anterograde amnesia)

Front 60

Depression is mainly caused by decreased levels of dopamine.

Back 60

False
(too little norepinephrine & serotinin is also involved)

Front 61

SSRIs taken during pregnancy have been associate with lung prolems in the neonate.

Back 61

True

Front 62

The class of antidepressants usually associated with sexual dysfunction is the tricyclics.

Back 62

False
(SSRIs are usually associated with sexual dysfunction)

Front 63

The most dangerous overdose from antidepressants is caused by SSRIs

Back 63

False
(The most dangerous are Tricyclics)
(MAOIs are dangerous also because they irreversibly block monoamineoxidase - many drug interactions)

Front 64

Lithium is the drug of choice for bipolar disorder

Back 64

True

Front 65

Antipsychotics are used to prevent manic episodes in bipolar disorder

Back 65

False
(depakote - antiseizure med - is used to prevent manic episodes)

Front 66

Too much sodium in the diet can cause lithium toxicity

Back 66

False
(too little sodium in the diet can cause lithium toxicity)
(too much salt can cause lithium to lose its effectiveness)

Front 67

Lithium is not metabolized and is excreted unchanged in the urine.

Back 67

True

Front 68

Intravenous general anesthetics all increase GABA

Back 68

True

Front 69

Inhalation anesthetics are used for both induction and maintenance of anesthesia

Back 69

False

Front 70

Local anesthetics often have epinephrine added to them to keep them localized

Back 70

True

Front 71

Depakote causes problems with concentration

Back 71

False

Front 72

Lamictal & Dylantin both have caused cleft palate in the embryo when used during pregnancy

Back 72

True

Front 73

Lacictal & Depakote both have caused cleft palate in the embryo when used during pregnancy

Back 73

False

Front 74

Dilantin is associated with "hydantoin syndrome" that is very similar to fetal alcohol

Back 74

True

Front 75

Psychosis is caused by too little dopamine

Back 75

False
(too much dopamine)

Front 76

COMT inhibitors are used for psychosis bcause they prevent the breakdown of dopamine

Back 76

False
(psychosis is caused by too much dopamine)

Front 77

All antipsychotics reduce concentrations of dopamine in one fashion or another

Back 77

True

Front 78

Newer antipsychotics produce more extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) than older antipsychotics

Back 78

False

Front 79

Older antipsychotics produce more extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) than older antipsychotics

Back 79

True

Front 80

Newer antipsychotics are antagonists of both dopamine & GABA

Back 80

False
(seratonin & dopamine antagonists)

Front 81

A common side effect of antipsychotics is Parkinson-like behavior.

Back 81

True

Front 82

Parkinsons disease sets in when 50% of the dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra are depleted

Back 82

False

Front 83

Parkinsons disease sets in when 95% of the dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra are depleted

Back 83

True

Front 84

A common side effect of anti-Parkinson's drugs is hallucinations.

Back 84

True

Front 85

Sinemet is a combination of L-dopa and carbidopa that is used so that dopamine is made in the brain, not in the periphery.

Back 85

True

Front 86

Dopamine agonists work only in the late stages of Parkinson's disease.

Back 86

False

Front 87

This person has dilated pupils and dry mouth and is hyperactive. He is most likely takin an opioid.

Back 87

False

Front 88

This person has normal pupils but the eyes are red. He is most likely taking marijuana.

Back 88

True

Front 89

This person has dilated pupils, flushed face, time & visual distortions. He is most likely taking a CNS stimulant.

Back 89

False
(hallucinogen)

Front 90

This person has pupils in mid posistion and fixed, decreased blood pressure and respiration. He is most likely taking an opioid.

Back 90

False
(CNS sedative)

Front 91

This person is extremely hyperactive, exhibits violent behavior and has nystagmus. He is most likely taking PCP.

Back 91

True

Front 92

This person has dilated, fixed pupils, increased heart rate and temperature and visual hallucination. He is very sleepy. He is most likely taking an anticholinergic.

Back 92

True
(DILATED FIXED PUPILS = ANTICHOLINERGIC)

Front 93

This person has dilated pupils, rapid pulse, gooseflesh and abdominal cramps. He is most likely going through withdrawal rom opioids

Back 93

True

Front 94

This person has chills and tremors, voracious hunger and prolonged sleep. He is most likely going through withdrawal from CNS sedatives

Back 94

False (CNS stimulants)

Front 95

This person has tremors and insomnia, sweating fever an danxiety. He is most likely going through withdrawal from CNS stimulants.

Back 95

False
(CNS sedatives)

Front 96

This person has anorexia, nausea and insomnia. He is most likely going through withdrawal from marijuana.

Back 96

True

Front 97

Caucasian women absorb more alcohol than caucasian men because they have less alcohol dehydrogenase in the stomach.

Back 97

True

Front 98

Asians experience the toxic effects of acetylaldehyde more than Caucasians because they have more aldehyde dehdrogenase than Caucasians.

Back 98

False

Front 99

Alcohol causes its effects by releasing GABA

Back 99

True
(alcohol binds with the receptors for GABA, serotonin, & acetylcholine)
(also increases the release of dopamine)

Front 100

Alcohol causes its effects by releasing glutamante

Back 100

False
(alcohol reduces glutamate’s excitatory effect on NMDA receptors)

Front 101

Alcohol causes its pleasurable effects by releasing serotonin.

Back 101

False

Front 102

Alcohol causes its pleasurable effects by releasing Dopamine.

Back 102

True

Front 103

The ability to drive normally despite a high blood alcohol level is due to behavioral tolerance

Back 103

True

Front 104

If a chronic drinker is also taking a drug metabolized by P450 2E1, levels of that drug will be either higher or lower, depending upon whether alcohol is being consuming at the same time that the drug is taken.

Back 104

True

Front 105

At low doses of ethanol, loss of inhibition occurs. This is due to inhibition of excitatory neurons.

Back 105

False
(alcohol increases GABA = main inhibitory neurotransmitter!)

Front 106

People with Korsakoff syndrome suffer from anterograde amnesia.

Back 106

False

Front 107

People with Korsakoff syndrome suffer from retrograde amnesia.

Back 107

True

Front 108

Withdrawal from ethanol can be life-threatening

Back 108

True

Front 109

Drugs that block dopamine, such as Topamax and Chantix, have been used for treatment of alcoholism.

Back 109

True

Front 110

SSRIs are often used for anxiety because they decrease serotonin in the fear area of the limbic system.

Back 110

False
(SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)