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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pig gestation |
3m3w3d 16w |
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age of weaning |
4-6w intensive 6-8w outside
earliest 3w |
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weaning to mating interval |
5-7 days to come back in heat |
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growers- name and age |
Porkers- 10-16w |
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finishers- name and age |
baconers- 16+ |
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types of production systems |
continuoius- all in the same room, never really get a proper clean out
all in all out- all in 1 room of the same age- get moved out and room gets cleaned
multisite- ages segregated- best |
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adv/ disadv of outdoor system |
lower capital costs, welfare friendly
need to be careful of ground erosion, only wean 7-8 piglets (as opposed to 10-11) per sow only 65-70( of sows get preg after mating compared to 85% in intensive
20% worse feed efficiency- more expensive meat |
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benefits/ diadvantages of ecoshelters |
bedding system best ones have concrete with bedding on top- 1/3 cost of bulding a normal shed ongoing costs are higher can get respiratory issues if ventilation is insufficient tend to have higher food intake and 1-2mm fatter lower carbon output |
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herd breeding performance marker |
piglets weaned/sow/year |
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keys yo successful piggery |
meet breeding targers fill sheds sell at heavy weights (more efficient) use feed efficientyl optimise health and genetics |
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importance of P2 back far |
anything over 12.5-13 mm is penalised |
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most susceptible times for a piglet |
first 3d of life weaning- change of diet, loss of maternal protection- proen to post weaning colibacillosis |
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Sow stall elfare standards |
model code of practice for the welfare of animals (pigs) as of 10 years after endorsement (2017)- will only be allowed to have sows in stalls for 5 weeks
allowed to have them in for 5 days post mating (easier to AI)
coles suppiers- limited to 24 hours in stalls |
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welfare guidelines for castration |
no older than 21days old unless under GA by a vet
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teeth clippning welfare standards |
under 3 days of age only the tips - increased short term pain - increased gum damage and polyarthritis risk - labour costs and OHS -
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Welfare standards- electric prodders |
cant be used unless loading or unloading pigs over 60kg or if theres an OHS risk must have exhausted all other options |
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welfare standards in place |
Livestock management act (Vic) or equivalent prevention of cruelty to animals act (state gov) - suffienct water, shelter, food, vet care land trasport of livestock- standards and guidelines Aus pig industry quality assurance prog (APIQ)- req for export abbatoir
consumer driven standards- coles, woolies, RSPCA, HUmaine choice standards |
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subclinical measurements of disease |
mortality rates growth rates variation of product FCE P2 backfat |
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welfare standards for body condition |
Must take remedial action (or euth) if under 2 |
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space requirements for group-housed sows |
>1.4m2 but should be closer to 2 |
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idea behind segregated/ ,edocated early weaning |
pigs re weaned at 16d old into a weanebuilding or a wean-to-finish building with pigs no more than 2 weeks different in age.
medicated early weaning uses antibiotic treatment of the so/pig prior to early weaning |
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what cant MEW and SEW eradiate? |
viruses haemophilus parasuis strep suis |
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characteristics of the conventional piggery shed |
high apital costs, low operating costs concrete based floors- slats or solid or woven wire mesh pigs usually housed in pens of 20-30- dividers made of concrete or metal ventilation either ntural- side blinds or mechanical- fans air inlets Effluent- usually stored for short times under the pens- cleaned out using a flushing system - liquid effluent system |
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key issues to consider when growint pigs in bedded systems |
1. availability and cost of bedding 2. growth performance- grow faster but poorer feed efficiency 3 meat quality- tend to be fatter 4. health- build up of pathogens, difficult to treat pigs individually 5. Air quality- dust, ammonia, bacteria 6. cooling systems- bigger pigs may overheat, may beed overhead sprayers 7. welfare- good unless poor hygiene 8. odour- reduced over effluent system overall ongoing costs are higher
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welfare problems with free range pig systems |
heat stress, sunburn,. pre weaning losses |
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costs of production |
about 150 per pig |
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main factors driving piggery sustainability |
1. consistent thoroughput (minimal variation <5%) 2. cost of production- <$2.10/kg carcass weight 3. pigs weaned/sow/year- 23= BREEDING HERD EFFICIENCY 4. growing herd thoroughput/volume = 550-650 kg live pig meat/m2/year |
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drivers of biological productivity |
minimise non productive days meet targets 114d gestation 21d lactation 5 days wean to remate
to increase/dec 1. litters/sow/year 2. farrow rate 3. pigs born alive/litter 4. pre weaning mortality 5. pigs weaned/litter 6. weaner death rate 7. grower/finisher death rate 8. average growth rate |
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reasons for animal to no b fit for transport |
Unable to walk on its own by bearing weight on all legs; or |
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water availability considerations |
flow rates important- 2L/ min for sow temp access height appropriate |
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different feeding methods for sows |
floor feeding- lots of bullying- spread out well electronic sow feeding- tag
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sources of airborn contaminants in swine buldings |
manure- enteric bacteria- endotoxin can be harboured in rice hulls moldy hay- fungal spores ammonia dust |
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dust impact on RT |
>5microns- lodge and allergic reaction ilrritation- cellular changes loss of cilia- reduced clearance use paper with lines to test |
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optimising hygiene |
AIAO cleaning hose out aisles daily dry pens before new batch check feeders drinkers temp |
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optimal temperature for day old piglets |
30-34 prevent draughts |
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basic record keeping |
Number sows mated & farrow each week |
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diseases that cant be eradicated |
glassers disease ileitis colibacillosis greasy pig strep. meningitis erysipelas lepto |
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Quarantine principles |
health matching between herds- health status of incoming gilts allow time for vacc- eryspelas, parvo, lepto AIAO quarantine area- 3km away ideally, separate shed/ clothes/ drainage 6-8 WEEKS no meds if in doubt of SD or spirochaetal disease medicte 2 weeks before entering herd |
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targets for gilts |
cycling within 3 eeks of entering herd >70% AV PUBERTY AG 27W AGE FIRST SERVICE 30W WEIGHT AT 1ST service >130 first litter size (alive) 10.5 |
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managing gilts |
maintain 10% gilts handle gently deep bedding, lots of space vacc against endemic disease feed ad lib puberty stimulation program introduce to mature boar- in pen- pheromones repeat boar exposure daily- 2o mins mate on second heat regumate (oral progestagen) can be used to synchronise gilt batches- 18 days cont
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factors affecting gestational feeding |
Size and body condition of sow – |
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consequences of overfeeding in gestation |
overly fat sows at farrowing > poor lactational feed intake> poor weaning weights> excess condition loss
need to be in positive energy balance prior to farrowing to optimise subsequent reproductive performance post weaning |
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diseases that can be eliminated |
swine dyssentry mange mycoplasma pneumonia pleuropneumonia atrophic rhinitis worms |
