Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Enterobius vermicularis
(pinworm) |
nematode
intestinal pinworm fecal-oral spread common in children; daycares asymptomatic or pruritis ani |
|
Ascaris lumbricoides
|
large nematode
intestinal with tissue migration fecal-oral spread eggs must be from soil Loffler's syndrome - pulmonary |
|
Ancylostoma duodenale (Old World)
Necator americanus (New World) (Hookworm) |
geohelminth
skin penetrating intestinal common cause of anemia hookworm eggs in stool itchy skin at site of penetration; mild pulmonary symptoms, iron deficiency anemia |
|
Strongyloides stercoralis
|
hematode
skin penetrating intestinal potential for autoinfection humans are principle definitive host and reservoir acquired by contact with filariform larvae in soil larvae found in stool skin rash and eosinophilia; pneumonitis; intestinal |
|
Wuchereria bancrofti
(Bancroftian filariasis) |
lymphatic dwelling filariae
mosquito vector microfilariae in blood stream adult in dilated lymphatic vessels acute disease: local inflammation, filarial fever chronic disease: hydrocele, lymphedema, elephantiasis |
|
Brugia malayi
(Malayan filariasis) |
lympatic dwelling filariae
Southern and Eastern Asia chronic obstruction of lymphatics involves mostly extremities |
|
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
|
hypersensitivity reaction to microfilaria
fever, weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy, cough increased bronchovascular markings on chest X-ray |
|
Loa loa
|
tissue dwelling filariae
adults migrate through subcutaneous tissue and conjunctiva microfilariae in blood swollen hands, eye worm, meningoencephalitis |
|
Onchocerca volvulus
(River blindness) |
tissue dwelling filariae
tropical Africa humans are only definitive host Simulian black fly vector microfilariae in skin subcutaneous nodules, dermatitis, regional lymphadenitis eye manifestations treatment: Ivermectin |
|
Trichinella spp.
|
larval stage pathologic nematode
adult and larvae found in humans humans eat infected pigs and wild bears encysted larvae in "nurse cells", skeletal muscle intestinal; muscle invasion; convalescent invades CNS and lung causing inflammation |
|
Toxocara canis
Toxocara cati |
larval pathologic nematode
acquired by contact with dog/cat feces in soil lodge in liver, lungs, CNS, muscle, eye |
|
Anisakiasis
|
larval pathologic nematode
fish carry larvae in their muscle humans eat raw fish stomach pain, nausea, vomiting may penetrate into peritoneum, pleural space treatment: endoscopic removal of worms |
|
Schistosomes
(Blood Flukes) |
trematode
snail only intermediate host cercariae directly penetrate human skin schistosomula (larva) migrates to lungs; then tissues avoid immune response by adsorption of human MHC I and II transmitted while bathing in dirty water acute manifestations after initial exposure cercarial dermatitis (swimmer's itch) Katayama fever: heavy primary infection chronic schistosomiasis: diarrhea, hepatomegaly, colon cancer urinary symptoms also possible |
|
Clonorchis (Opisthorchis) sinensis
|
trematode
Chinese liver fluke infects the biliary tree |
|
Fasciolopsis buski
|
trematode
giant intestinal fluke |
|
Paragonimus sp.
|
trematode
oriental lung fluke |
|
Diphyllobothrium latum
|
fish cestode
humans acquire by eaten undercooked fish largest human cestode (25m) asymptomatic, sore abdomen, allergic symptoms vitamin B12 deficiency |
|
Hymenolepis nana
|
dwarf cestode (25-30mm)
eggs infectious; short-lived outside host common in day care centers autoinfectious asymptomatic, loose bowel movements |
|
Taenia saginata
|
beef cestode
humans are the only definitive host adult worm 4-12m treatment: Niclosamide or Praziquantel symptoms are mild |
|
Taenia solium
|
pork cestode
adult worm 2-8m larvae (cysticerci) can spread to internal organs cysticercosis: can be life-threatening when brain affected treatment: Niclosamide or Praziquantel |
|
Echinococcus granulosus
|
dog cestode (cystic hydatid disease)
humans are intermediate hosts forms egg cysts in liver and lungs mostly asymptomatic |
|
Plasmodium falciparum
|
malaria (protozoa)
infected erythrocytes sludge in capillaries high parasitemia (>10%) ring forms, more than 1 per erythrocyte fever corresponds to release of merozoites mortality due to cerebral malaria |
|
Plasmondium vivax
|
malaria (protozoa)
infects reticulocytes Schuffner's dots Duffy blood group antigen fever corresponds to release of merozoites mortality due to splenic rupture |
|
Plasmonium malariae
|
malaria (protozoa)
infects aging erythrocytes no erythrocyte deformity fever corresponds to release of merozoites mortality due to nephrotic syndrome |
|
Plasmonium ovale
|
malaria (protozoa)
infects reticulocytes oval-shaped erythrocytes with Schuffner's dots fever corresponds to release of merozoites |
|
Toxoplasmosis
|
protozoa
oocysts found in cat stool are infectious release tachyzoites to invade host severe congenital transmission possible mostly asymptomatic rare symptoms: lymphadenopathy, CNS disease, pneumonitis, myocarditis |
|
Babesiosis
|
protozoa
acquired from tick bite fever, hemolysis, anemia hepatomegaly, splenomegaly |
|
Leishmaniasis
|
protozoa
sandfly vector; soldiers infected canines and rodents are reservoirs skin ulcers, severe disease of the cartilage |
|
American Trypanosomiasis
(Chagas' Disease) |
protozoa
central and southern america reduvid bug (kissing bug) vector acute chagas disease: fever anorexia chronic chagas disease: cardiomegaly, CHF, megaesophagus, megacolon acute phase treatment: Nifurtimox, Benznidazole |
|
African Trypanosomiasis
(Sleeping Sickness) |
protozoa
Africa - tsetse fly early local lesion then acute symptoms chronic meningoencephalitis: personality change, insomnia, coma, death |
|
Amebiasis
|
intestinal and urogenital protozoa
humans are the only reservior fecal-oral spread, cysts infectious may cause dysentery symptoms, liver abscess |
|
Giardiasis
|
intestinal and urogenital protozoa
cyst is resistant to chlorine humans and beavers reservoirs fecal-oral contamination asymptomatic, bloating, gas, diarrhea |
|
Cryptosporidiosis
|
intestinal and urogenital protozoa
infects farm animals as well as humans watery diarrhea for two weeks |
|
Cyclospora
|
intestinal protozoa of the small intestine
water-borne outbreaks treatment: trimethoprim sulfamethoxasole |
|
Microsporidia
|
intestinal or urogenital protozoa
|