Piano Theory Advanced Level

Front 1

Diatonic Half Steps

Back 1

half steps which occur within the key of music, not the same letter name

Front 2

Chromatic Half Steps

Back 2

do not occur naturally within the scale, half step with the same letter name for both notes must be chromatic

Front 3

Dom. 7

Back 3

Major + minor

Front 4

Maj. 7

Back 4

Major + major

Front 5

min. 7

Back 5

minor + minor

Front 6

half dim. 7

Back 6

diminished + minor

Front 7

dim. 7

Back 7

diminished + diminished

Front 8

Modulation

Back 8

when a musical composition changes from the original key to another key, and remains in the new key for a reasonable amount of time

Front 9

Fugue

Back 9

Exposition:
Subject- first voice to enter
Answer
Countersubject
Episode

Front 10

Baroque Suite Dances

Back 10

Allemande
Courante or Corrente
Sarabande
Optional Dances
Gigue

Front 11

Allemande

Back 11

dance in moderate 4/4 time, German origin

Front 12

Courante

Back 12

French dance

Front 13

Corrente

Back 13

Italian dance in quick triple meter

Front 14

Sarabande

Back 14

Spanish origin, slow triple meter

Front 15

Minuet

Back 15

French dance, 3/4 meter

Front 16

Bouree

Back 16

French dance, duple meter w/ single upbeat

Front 17

Gavotte

Back 17

French dance

Front 18

Polonaise

Back 18

Polish dance

Front 19

Anglaise

Back 19

English origin

Front 20

Loure

Back 20

dance in moderate 6/4 time

Front 21

Air

Back 21

song rather than a dance

Front 22

Gigue

Back 22

Irish origin, compound meter

Front 23

Sonata Allegro form

Back 23

Exposition (Theme 1 Tonic, Theme 2 Dominant)

Development (motives based on themes 1 and 2 are developed in various ways)

Recaptulation (Theme 1 Tonic, Theme 2 Tonic)

Front 24

A Tempo

Back 24

return to original tempo

Front 25

Accelerando

Back 25

accelerate, gradually faster

Front 26

Adagio

Back 26

slowly

Front 27

Allegro

Back 27

fast or quick

Front 28

Allegretto

Back 28

slightly slower than Allegro, faster than Andante

Front 29

Andante

Back 29

moderate walking tempo

Front 30

Andantino

Back 30

slightly faster than Andante

Front 31

Animato

Back 31

animated, with spirit

Front 32

Appoggiatura

Back 32

see music

Front 33

Atonality

Back 33

no specific key or tonality

Front 34

Bitonality

Back 34

use of two different keys at same time

Front 35

Cantabile

Back 35

in a singing style

Front 36

Con Brio

Back 36

with vigor or spirit

Front 37

Con Fuoco

Back 37

with fire

Front 38

Con moto

Back 38

with motion

Front 39

Dolce

Back 39

sweetly

Front 40

Doloroso

Back 40

sadly, sorrowfully

Front 41

Enharmonic

Back 41

two different names for the same pitch (C sharp, D flat)

Front 42

Espressivo

Back 42

Expressively

Front 43

Forte-piano

Back 43

loud immediately followed by soft

Front 44

Giocoso

Back 44

Merrily, with humor

Front 45

Gracioso

Back 45

gracefully

Front 46

Largo

Back 46

very slowly

Front 47

Leggiero

Back 47

lightly, delicately

Front 48

Lento

Back 48

slowly

Front 49

m.d.

Back 49

mano destra, use right hand

Front 50

m.s.

Back 50

mano sinistra, use left hand

Front 51

Marcato

Back 51

marked, stressed

Front 52

Meno mosso

Back 52

less motion

Front 53

Moderato

Back 53

moderate or medium tempo

Front 54

Molto

Back 54

very, much

Front 55

Opus

Back 55

used to indicate chronological order in which composer's work was written

Front 56

Parallel major/minor

Back 56

major and minor keys with the same name

Front 57

Pesante

Back 57

heavily

Front 58

Piu

Back 58

More

Front 59

Poco

Back 59

little

Front 60

Presto

Back 60

very fast

Front 61

Rallentando

Back 61

gradually slower

Front 62

relative major and minor

Back 62

major and minor keys with the same key signature

Front 63

Ritardando

Back 63

slow down gradually

Front 64

Ritenuto

Back 64

immediately slower

Front 65

Robusto

Back 65

robustly, boldly

Front 66

Rubato

Back 66

varying the rhythm of a phrase by slowing or rushing the tempo, making up the changed time elsewhere in the phrase

Front 67

Scherzando

Back 67

playfully, jokingly

Front 68

Sempre

Back 68

always

Front 69

Senza

Back 69

without

Front 70

Smorzando

Back 70

Dying away

Front 71

Simile

Back 71

continue in the same style

Front 72

Sostenuto

Back 72

sustained

Front 73

Subito

Back 73

suddenly

Front 74

Tre Corde

Back 74

release Una Corda pedal (soft pedal)

Front 75

U.C.

Back 75

Una Corda, press left pedal

Front 76

Vivace

Back 76

quick, lively

Front 77

Vivo

Back 77

brisk, lively

Front 78

Fermata

Back 78

hold note

Front 79

Baroque characteristics

Back 79

Polyphonic Texture
Use of Ornamentation
Improvisation
Figured Bass
Dance Suites
Terraced Dynamics

Front 80

Baroque composers

Back 80

Hadyn
Handel
Scarlatti

Front 81

Classical characteristics

Back 81

Homophonic Texture
Obvious cadence points
Alberti Bass
Sonata and Sonatina forms

Front 82

Classical composers

Back 82

Mozart
Hadyn
Czerny

Front 83

Romantic characteristics

Back 83

Programme music
Harmonies more complicated
Lyric melodies
Rhythms more complicated

Front 84

Romantic composers

Back 84

Brahms
Schumann
Schubert

Front 85

Impressionism characteristics

Back 85

unclear tonalities
non-metric rhythms

Front 86

Impressionism composers

Back 86

Debussy
Ravel
Griffes

Front 87

Contemporary characteristics

Back 87

major and minor tonalities avoided
Quartal harmony
Bitonality
Polytonality
Atonality
Irregular, changing meters
Polyphonic texture

Front 88

Contemporary composers

Back 88

Bartok
Kabalevsky
Gershwin

Front 89

Rondo

Back 89

musical form that is multi-sectional with a recurring theme

Front 90

Quartal harmony

Back 90

harmony based on interval of the 4th

Front 91

Rubato

Back 91

varying rhythm by slowing or rushing tempo

Front 92

Toccata

Back 92

vituoso piece common during Baroque Period, written in free style

Front 93

Sotto voce

Back 93

in a low voice

Front 94

Tenuto

Back 94

stress the note

Front 95

Simile

Back 95

continue in same style

Front 96

Stretto

Back 96

refer to the overlapping of subjects and answers

Front 97

Tertian harmony

Back 97

Harmony made up of interval of 3rd

Front 98

Fugue

Back 98

style of composition in which 3 or more voices follow one another in imitative manner