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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Through what reflex is the body able to quickly regulate the minute to minute arterial blood pressure?
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Baroreceptor reflex
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How is it mediated/
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It is neurally mediated negative feedback system.
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What are baroreceptors?
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Stretch receptors
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Where are baroreceptors located?
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In the carotid sinuses by the bifurcation of the common carotids and in the aortic arch.
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Baroreceptors respond to any change in stretch. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE. Aortic arch receptors; increases in blood pressure
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What nerves do the baroreceptors utilize to regulate blood pressure?
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Carotid sinus baroreceptors; glossopharyngeal nerve(CN 1X)
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The aortic arch baroreceptors respond via the vagus nerve. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE
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What are the steps in the baroreceptor reflex?
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decreased stretch on the walls due to decreased arterial pressure---- decreases the firing rate of the afferent limb of the reflex.
Rate determines the autonomic response coordinated by the vasomotor center to maintain blood pressure at normal. |
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What mediates the response of the vasomotor center?
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decreased parasympathetic stimulation and increased sympathetic stimulation.
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What autonomic responses does the vasomotor center utilize to maintain blood pressure?
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INcreased HR
Increased contractility Increased SV Vasoconstriction of arterioles and veins |
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What happens during carotid massage? s increased stretch and leads to decreased HR
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Massage increases pressure on carotid artery, which is interpreted as increased stretch and leads to decreased HR.
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Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located?
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carotid and aortic bodies.
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What do peripheral chemoreceptors respond to?
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Decreased PO2
Decreased pH of blood Increased PCO2 |
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Where are the central chemoreceptors located?
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Vasomotor center.
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Do the central chemoreceptors respond directly to PO2?
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NO.
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What do central chemoreceptors respond to?
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Changes in pH and PCO2 of brain interstitial fluid.
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What is the Cushing reaction?
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Response to cerebral ischemia where increased intracranial pressure causes hypertension(sympathetic) and bradycardia(parasympathetic)
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What is the body's long term blood pressure regulation system?
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Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
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How does the body regulate blood pressure?
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By adjusting blood volume.
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How is the Juxtaglomerular complex involved in the RAA system?
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detects decreased renal perfusion in the afferent arteriole, causing them to release renin.
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How is renin involved in the RAA system?
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catalyzes the conversion of circulating angiotensinogen into angiotensin 1.
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How is angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) involved in the RAA system?
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Converts angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2.
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Where is ACE located?
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Lungs
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What are the effects od angiotensin 2?
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1. Stimulates synthesis and secretion of aldosterone, which increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the kidney.
2. Stimulates vasoconstriction of the arterioles, which increases TPR and MAP. |
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Vasopressin is the other name for ADH. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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ADH is secreted in the posterior pituitary. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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What causes the release of ADH?
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Atrial receptors detect decrease in blood volume or blood presure(hemorrhage)
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What are the effects of ADH?
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Increases TPR by activating V1 receptors in the arterioles causing them to vasoconstrict.
Increases water reabsorption by the renal distal tubule and collecting ducts with the activation of V2 receptors. |
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What causes the release of ANP?
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Increased atrial pressure.
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ANP is released in the atria. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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What are the effects of ANP?
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1. Dilation of areterioles and decreased TPR from relaxation of vascular smooth muscle.
2. Increased Na+ and water excretion by the kidney to decrease blood volume. 3. Inhibits renin secretion. |