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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In this system, hormones are released into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body.
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Endocrine system
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In this system, certain parts release hormones into the blood, and the rest releases neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit nerve, muscle and gland cells.
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Nervous system
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The results of this system may take hours, but last longer.
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Endocrine system
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The results of this system take milliseconds, and has a brief duration of effects.
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Nervous system
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Site of mediator action of this system are close to site of release, at a synapse; binds to receptors in postsynaptic membrane.
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Nervous system
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Site of mediator action of this system if far from the site of release (usually); binds to receptors on or in target cells.
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Endocrine system
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Target cells for this system is virtually all body cells.
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Endocrine system
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Regulation of hormone secretion:
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1. Neural
2. Hormonal 3. Other substances, e.g. metabolites |
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Circulating hormones which act on distant targets by traveling through the blood.
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Endocrine hormones
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Local hormones that act on neighboring cells.
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paracrines
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Local hormones that act on same cell that secreted them.
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autocrines
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Example of an autocrine
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prostaglandins
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Examples of paracrines
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Histamine, prostoglandins
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Examples of endocrine hormones
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thyroxine, insulin
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What are the intracellular chemical signaling molucules?
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Neurohormones
Neurotransmitters pheromones |
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This intracellular chemical signal is produced by neurons and functions like hormones.
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Neurohormone
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This intracellular chemical signal is produced by neurons and secreted into extracellular spaces by presynaptic nerve terminals; travels short distances; influences postsynaptic cells.
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Neurotransmitters
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This intracellular chemical signal is secreted into the environment; modifies physiology and behavior of other individuals.
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Pheromones
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Examples of neurohormones:
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oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone
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Examples of neurotransmitters:
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acetylcholine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.
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