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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where are all renal corpuscles located?
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In the CORTEX of the kidney
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THe first layer of the capillary endothelium allows passage of everything except for?
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Blood cells and platlets
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What is the primary innervator of the kidney? SNS or PNS?
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SNS
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What does the Juxtaglomerular complex produce/store/secrete?
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RENIN
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What is the normal volume of filtrate?
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125 ml/min
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Where is 2/3 of the Water, Na, and Cl reabsorbed?
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The PROXIMAL TUBULE
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What Increases Na reabsorption and increases K secretion?
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ALDOSTERONE
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What increases Water reabsorption?
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ADH
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What 2 regulatory substances does the adrenal cortex secrete?
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Aldosterone and Cortisol
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What 2 regulatory substances does the adrenal medulla secrete?
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Epi and norepi
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What does the filtration factor equal?
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GFR/RBF
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With SNS stimulation and angiotensin II stimulation, does the afferent or efferent arteriole constrict more?
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EFFERENT
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What does ANP do to the afferent and efferent arteries?
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Vasodialte afferent and Vasoconstrict efferent
-This will increase both RBF and GFR |
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What will low doses of Dopamine cause?
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Vasodilation
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What do prostaglaninis protect against?
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Excessive vasoconstriction
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What is a good indicator of GFR? and Why?
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INULIN.
-Freely filtered -Not Reabsorbed -Not Secreted -Not Metabolized or Produced |
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Name a substance that the kidneys can remove in a single pass?
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PAH (p-aminohippurate)
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Does the urinary excretion of creatine equal the amount produced?
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YES
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Is creatine clearence independent of urine flow?
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Yes, mostly (it is freely filtered and not reabsorbed)
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If GFR goes down, what happens to urine creatine levels?
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They go down
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If GFR goes down, what happens to plasma creatine levels?
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They go up
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Does renal reabsorption depend on blood flow?
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yes (Low flow, more urea reabsorbed, and thus less excreted)
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If there is a low GFR, what will the BUN look like?
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Increased (high)
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If you have volume depletion (decreased urine flow) will the BUN/Creatinine ratio increase or decrease?
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INCREASE!!! BUN confirms dehydration!!!!
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What brings glucose across the cells of the proximal tubule (from the tubule lumen to interstitial space)?
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A glucose/Na CO-transporter!!!! (SGLT1)
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Can glucose titration plateau?
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Yes, it will overload the available transporters
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At what concentration will glucose start to spill over into the urine?
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250 mg/dl
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Do most pyruvates and lactates get completely reabsorbed?
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YES
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For weak acids, if you have acidic urine, what will happen to the reabsorption and excretion of that weak acid?
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There will be an increase in passive reabsorption, and a decrease in excretion.
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What is the KEY Na transporter in the Thick Ascending Limb?
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NKCC!!!!!
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What is the NKCC transporter a target of?
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LOOP DIURETICS (like lasix or bumetanide)
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What is the KEY transporter in the Distal Convoluted tubule?
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NCC (Na/Cl cotransporter)
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What is the NCC transporter a target of?
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Thiazide Diuretics
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What is KEY transporter in the COrtical Collecting Duct?
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ENaC (Na channel!)
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What is ENaC regulated by?
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ALDOSTERONE
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What is the ENaC channel target by/blocked by?
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Amiloride (diuretic)
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What does ADH do for urea?
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It will stimulate urea transporters in the inner medula
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What is the relationship between Macula Densa FLow and Renin Release? (Direct or Inverse)
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Inverse Relationship
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The presence of Angiotensin II and NE for the proximal tubule will do what?
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Promote Na reabsorption
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An increase in ___ will stimulate the release of Aldosterone.
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K
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What is released from atrial myocytes in response to stretch?
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ANP
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In a Type A intercalated cell, where does the H go, and where does the bicarb go?
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-H to lumen
-Bicarb to the blood |
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In a Type B intercalated cell, where does the H go, and where does the bicarb go?
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-Bicarb to the lumen
-H to the blood |
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What is the acid/base excretion mchanism and outcome of the PROXIMAL TUBULE?
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Secrete acid (H) (makes H2O and CO2) and RECOVERY of the base (bicarb)!
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What two methods can you use to generate NEW bicarb?
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Phosphate or NH3 to excrete the Hydrogen/acid
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In renal cells, what is the normal route of K and H in a cell?
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-K moves from plasma towards excretion tubules
-H moves to the plasma |
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Hyperaldosteronism causes ____ and ____.
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Hyperaldosteronism ->
Hypokalemia -> Alkalosis |
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Hypoaldosteroneism causes ____ and ____.
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Hypoaldosteroneism ->
Hyperkalemia -> Acidosis |
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What causes an increase in secretion of K?
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-Non-chloride ions in distal nephron
-High K diet -HIGH FLOW RATE in distal nephron -Aldosterone |
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What regulates the absorption of Ca in the gut?
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Parathyroid hormone and Vit D
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What will parathyroid hormone and Vit D cause in the renal system in respect to Ca?
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Parathyroid -> Increase Renal Ca absorption
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What do Loop diuretics do to Ca reabsorption?
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DECREASE Ca Reabsorption
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What do Thiazide diuretics do to Ca reabsorption?
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INCREASE Ca Reabsorption
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Due to the Na/Ca transporter, an increase in Na reabsorption will cause _______ in Ca reabsorption?
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An INCREASE (Na into cell, Ca into interstitium via transporter)
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What is the key regulator/initiator of phosphate excretion?
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Parathyroid hormone
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If you have hyper-parathyroidism, what can you expect to see?
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-Increase bone reabsorption
-Increase plasma Ca -Decrease plasma Phosphate -Increase urinary phosphate excretion -Increase urinary Ca excretion |
