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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Functions of the Skin?
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1. Barrier
2. Vitamin D synthesis 3. Cutaneous absorption 4. Sensory functions 5. Thermoregulation 6. Psychological and social functions |
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Barrier
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tough, dry, acid mantle, water barrier, UV barrier
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Vitamin D synthesis
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UV light coverts 7-dehydrocholesterol (cholesterol derivative) in dermal vessels to vitamin D3
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Cutaneous absorption
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*1-2 % oxygen absorption by
diffusion through skin *amino acids & steroids diffusing through skin attract mosquitoes *fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E & K) easily absorbed |
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Sensory functions
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receptors for heat, cold, touch, pressure, vibration & pain
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Thermoregulation
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cutaneous vasodilation & constriction and sweating
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Psychological and social functions
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appearance & social acceptance
facial expression and nonverbal communication |
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Skin cancer
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induced by UV rays (UVA & UVB) of the sun
most common in fair-skinned and elderly |
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**arises from stratum basale &
invades dermis **small, shiny bump, pearly appearance treated by surgical removal & radiation |
basal cell carcinoma
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arises from keratinocytes in the **stratum spinosum
**raised, reddened, scaly **metastasis to the lymph nodes can be lethal |
squamous cell carcinoma
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**(most deadly cancer)
**arises from melanocytes of a preexisting mole **ABCD--asymmetry, border irregular, color mixed & diameter over 6 mm |
malignant melanoma
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Causes of burns
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hot water sunlight
radiation electric shock acids & bases |
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Causes of deaths
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**fluid loss, infection, & effects of
(eschar) dead tissue **Injury to respiratory passages (head and neck) |
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Degrees of burns
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**1st-degree = only the epidermis
(red, painful & edema) **2nd-degree = epidermis & part of dermis (blistered) {epidermis regenerates from hair follicles & sweat glands} **3rd-degree = epidermis, dermis & more is destroyed {often requires grafts or fibrosis & disfigurement may occur} >>treatment -- fluid replacement & infection control, debridement and IV proteins, nutrients & fluids |
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Aging of Skin
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**Changes in connective tissue
cause skin to become lose and sag **Looks thinner due to lose of collagen from the dermis **Blood vessels become more fragile; easier to bruise **Wounds heal more slowly–poorer circulation **Decrease in the immune system function **Atrophy of cutaneous blood vessels , sweat glands and subcutaneous fat **Hair thins because mitosis slows **Hair turns gray because melanocytes die **Decrease in cutaneous Vit D production; poor calcium absorption, muscle weakness **Also have photoaging --Skin cancer --Yellow/mottling of skin, age spots --Wrinkles |
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Clinical Disorders of the Integumentary System
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a. Bacterial infections
b. Viral Infections c. Fungal infections d. Bullae e. Psoriasis f. Eczema and Dermatitis g. Vitiligo |
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impetigo- Staphylococcus aureus
erysipelas- Streptococcus pyrogens acne- Propionibacterium acnes |
Bacterial infections
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chicken pox
measles cold sores warts |
Viral Infections
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ringworms
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Fungal infections
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blisters
fluid-filled areas in the skin |
Bullae
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thicker than normal stratum corneum that sloughs to produce large, silvery scales
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Psoriasis
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inflammatory conditions of the skin
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Eczema and Dermatitis
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development of patches of white skin autoimmune
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Vitiligo
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Question
In the elderly, blood supply to the dermis is reduced and sweat glands are less active. This combination of factors would most effect A. the ability to thermoregulate. B. the ability to heal injured skin. C. the ease with which the skin is injured. D. the physical characteristics of the skin. E. the ability to grow hair |
In the elderly, blood supply to the dermis is reduced and sweat glands are less active. This combination of factors would most effect
A. the ability to thermoregulate. |
