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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How long will it take a person to burn 1 lb. of fat if they're burning 10 kcal/min jogging?
(where 3500 kcal = 1 lb. of fat) |
350 minutes
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What do steroid hormones do? (primarily)
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they exert their intracellular effects by changing the transcription of genes
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Does growth hormone have a short or long half-life?
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short!
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Hormone A up-regulating Hormone B receptors is an example of which effect?
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permissive effect
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The posterior pituitary is an embryologic extension of the same nervous tissue that forms the hypothalamus.
...T or F??... |
true!
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Iodide is needed for the synthesis of thryoid hormone. If thyroid hormone production goes down because of iodide deficiency, what would you expect the secretion of TSH to do?
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increase
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After the completion of puberty, growth hormone has no effect on bone metabolism.
...T or F?... |
falso!
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In the fetus, why do male structures develop?
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expression of a gene in the Y chromosome
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When cells in the hypothalamus detect low levels of testosterone,what is the response of the male system?
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increase LH
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What goes on in the seminiferous tubules?
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all stages of sperm development!
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Levels of estrogen are increasing during which stage of the menstrual cycle?
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during the proliferative phase
(day 5 -13) |
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Elevated levels of progesterone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (day 15-28) leads to what?
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differentiation of uterine glands
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The sudden elevation of which hormone leads to ovulation?
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LH
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Early in pregnancy, HCG maintains ovarian secretion of both progesterone and estrogen.
....T or F??... |
true!
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A woman in labor experiences uterine contractions that push her baby's head against the cervix. The stretch of the uterus leads to what?
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increased secretion of oxytocin
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Between the glomerular capillaries and the podocytes of Bowman's capsule is a layer of negatively charged molecules. If this negatively charged layer was missing, the renal corpuscle would be less effective at what?
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repelling proteins
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If Na+ is freely filtered and the concentration of plasma sodium ions is 142 mM, then the filtrate concentration of Bowman's capsule would also be 142 mM.
....T or F??... |
true
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If the plasma concentration of albumin increases, the GFR will....
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decrease
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Dilation of the afferent arteriole will have what effect on the GFR?
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it will increase the GFR
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What is the volume of blood cleaned of a given substance per time?
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renal clearance
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In a healthy person, the clearance of glucose is 120 mL/min.
...T or F??... |
falso!
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As filtrate flows thru the descending Loop of Henle of a juxtaglomerular nephron, the filtrate becomes less concentrated.
...T or F??... |
falso!
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The function of the counter-current mechanism in the vasa recta is to keep NaCl and urea in the renal medulla.
....T or F??... |
true!
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In the presence of ADH, the filtrate in the collecting duct becomes more....
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more concentrated! because water is being reabsorbed~
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The distal tubule "fine tunes" the concentration of the blood and urine by the reabsorption of which ion?
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Ca+2
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Increased sympathetic stimulation would have what effect on juxtaglomerular cells?
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it would increase renin secretion
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What is the concentration gradient for testosterone in the male testes?
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testes>vein>artery
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If plasma pH is typically 7.4, and it increases to 7.5, the appropriate response of the kidney is to do what?
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decrease H+ secretion
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What causes the cycling of depolarization and repolarization of the BER in the intestinal tract?
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the unstable membrane potential of smooth muscle cells in the muscularis
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A chemical that inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine would have what effect on the motility of the small intestine?
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increase in the strength of segmenting contractions
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What is the control center for the reflex that causes the duodenum to contract with more vigor after being stretched?
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the myenteric plexus
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What is the main function of saliva?
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digesting starch to glucose
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What does food touching the pharynx stimulate?
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the reflexive phase of swallowing
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What does the positive abdominal pressure in the abdominal cavity do?
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it helps keep the lower esophageal sphincter closed
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What does distention of the stomach do? (or stimulate...)
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it's stimulus for gastrin secretion
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Why do the secretions of zymogens protects gastrointestinal tissues from being damaged?
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because zymogens are not activated until reaching the gut lumen
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What effect would histamine have on the rate of acid secretion from the gastric mucosa?
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histamine will increase the rate of acid secretion from the gastric mucosa
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Where is secretin secreted?
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from the intestinal mucosa
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Contraction of the gallbladder and stimulation of enzyme secretions from the pancreas are functions of which GI hormone?
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CCK
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In comparison to the hepatic artery, the blood in the hepatic portal vein is higher in amino acids.
...T or F??... |
true!
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Bile salts from the liver do what after someone digests a fatty meal?
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bile salts (synthesized and secreted in the liver) emulsify and absorb the ingested fat
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What is glucose absorbed into the enterocyte by?
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secondary active transport
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What is the enterocyte absorbed into the blood by?
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facilitated diffusion
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Relaxation of the internal anal sphincter in response to feces in the rectum takes place exclusively as a long reflex.
...T or F??... |
true!
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