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21 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Where is Bowman's capsule physically located in the kidney
cortex
Where is the proximal tubule physically located in the kidney
medulla
Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus located
next to each glomerulus and makes contact with the beginning of the distal tubule
What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus sense
How many particles are in the blood flowing into the glomerulus - if it is high it triggers vasoconstriction of the afferent glomerular arteriole, decreases flow therefore dec filtration. If particles are low it vasoconstricts the efferent arteriole inc. filtration
What charge does the glomerular BM have
negative
Where does reabsorption occur in the glomerulus
at the efferent arterioles and juxtamedullary nephrons (BP in these capillaries are low)
What are the vasa recta of the kidneys and what purpose do they serve
They are branches of the peritublar capillaries that follow the loops of Henle and help with water conservation. Water and solutes excreted by the loop of henle are absorbed here. as the vasa recta travels down it absorbs NaCl and secretes H2O as it climbs back up it absorbs water and secretes NaCl
What absorption/secretions occur at the proximal tubule
NaCl and water all defuse out fo the tubule. Na/K pumps pull Na back into the peritubular capillaries. Amino acids and Glucose are both co/transported out w/Na. HCO3 active transport out
What is secreted at the descending loop?
H2O
What is secreted at the Ascending loop
Active transport of Na, K and Cl
What is the major determinant of osmolarity in the urine
Urea
What causes ADH to be secreted
increase plasma osmolarity or decrease in extracellular fluid levels
What effects do ADH have on the kidneys
increase absorption of Na, K, Ca in the loop of Henle, incrase aquaporins in the collecting duct
Where can K be reabsorbed in the Kidney
proximal tubule (facilitated transport), thin ascending loop of Henle (active transport), Medullary collecting ducts, Distal collecting duct (independent of Na)
Where is the main store house for Ca Mg and PO4 in the body
The Bones
Where is Ca reabsorbed in the Kidney
proximal tubule (facilitatied tansport w/Na), thin ascending loop (diffusion), thick ascending loop (active Na/K/Ca pumps), distal tubule (PTH sensitive pumps), collecting ducts (Ca pumps)
Where is PO4 reabsorbed in the Kidney
Proximal tubule (facilitated transport w/Na), tin loops of Henle (passive diffusion), distal tubule & collecting ducts (PTH-sensitive channels)
Where is Mg reabsorbed in the Kidney
Proximal tubule, thin ascending loop of Henle (co-transport w/Cl) (very similar to Ca)
What effect does PTH have on Ca and H2PO4 reabsorption
increases Ca reabsorption and decreases H2PO4 reabsorption in the distal tubule. Also stimulates 1-alpha-hydroxylase to activate more Vit D.
What acids regulate blood pH
carbonic acids (volatile acids) and non-carbonic acids - sulfuric & phosphoric acids (non-volatile acids)
How do the kidneys control blood pH with HCO3
low blood pH --> almost all bicarb is reabsorbed. higher blood pH --> increase in bicarb excretion. (mainly controlled by proximal tubule)