Physiology Of The Muscular System Chapter 11

Front 1

is responsible for moving the framework of the body

Back 1

Muscular System

Front 2

ability to be stimulated

Back 2

Excitability (irritability)

Front 3

ability to contract, or shorten, and produce body movement

Back 3

Contractility

Front 4

ability to extend, or stretch, thereby allowing muscles to return to their resting length

Back 4

Extensibility

Front 5

Plasma membrane of muscle fibers

Back 5

Sarcolemma

Front 6

network of tubules and sacs found within muscle fibers

Back 6

T tubules

Front 7

network of tubules and sacs in muscle cells, similar to endoplasmic reticulum of other cells

Back 7

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Front 8

numerous fine fibers packed close together in sarcoplasm

Back 8

Myofibrils

Front 9

contractile unit of muscle cells; length of a myofibril between two Z disks

Back 9

Sarcomere

Front 10

very rapid, providing energy during first minutes of maximal exercise, may occur when low levels of O2 is available, results in formation of lactic acid which requires oxygen to convert back to glucose

Back 10

Anaerobic Respiration

Front 11

occurs when adequate o2 is available from blood, slower than anaerobic respiration, thus supply energy for the long term rather than the short term

Back 11

Aerobic Respiration

Front 12

muscle fibers with high levels of myoglobin

Back 12

Red Fibers

Front 13

muscle fibers with little myoglobin

Back 13

White Fibers

Front 14

motor neurons connect to the sarcolemma at the motor endplate

Back 14

Neuromuscular Junction

Front 15

the neurotransmitter released into the synaptic cleft that diffuses across the gap, stimulates the receptors, and initiates an impulse in the sarcolemma

Back 15

Acetylcholine

Front 16

globular protein that forms two fibrous strands twisted around each other to form the bulk of the think filament

Back 16

Actin

Front 17

protein that blocks the active sites on the actin molecules

Back 17

Tropomyosin

Front 18

protein that holds tropomyosin molecules in place

Back 18

Troponin

Front 19

makes up almost all the thick filament, the "heads" are chemically attracted to actin molecules, "heads" are know as cross bridges when attached to actin

Back 19

Myosin

Front 20

attaches to both Z disks (Z lines) of a sarcomere and extend part way toward the center

Back 20

Thin Filaments

Front 21

do not attach to the Z disks

Back 21

Thick myosin filaments

Front 22

contraction produces waste heat that can be used to help maintain the set point body temperature

Back 22

Skeletal Muscle

Front 23

motor neuron plus the muscle fibers to which it attaches

Back 23

Motor Unit

Front 24

method of graphing the changing tension of a muscle as it contracts

Back 24

Myography

Front 25

A quick jerk of a muscle that is produced as a result of a single, brief threshold stimulus(generally occurs only in experimental situations)

Back 25

Twitch Contractions

Front 26

Nerve impulse travels to the sarcoplasmic reticulum to trigger release of Ca++

Back 26

Latent Phase

Front 27

Ca++ binds to troponin and sliding of filaments occurs

Back 27

Contraction Phase

Front 28

sliding of filaments cease

Back 28

Relaxation Phase

Front 29

the staircase phenomenon, gradual, steplike increase in the strength of contraction that is seen in a series of twitch contractions that occur 1 second apart,

Back 29

Treppe

Front 30

smooth, sustained contractions

Back 30

Tetanus

Front 31

multiple twitch waves are added together to sustain muscle tension for a longer time

Back 31

Multiple Wave Summation

Front 32

very short periods of relaxation occur between peaks of tension

Back 32

Incomplete Tetanus

Front 33

the stimulation is such that twitch waves fuse into a single, sustained peak

Back 33

Complete Tetanus

Front 34

continual, partial contraction of a muscle

Back 34

Tonic Contraction

Front 35

Contraction in which the tone or tension within a muscle remain the same as the length of the muscle changes

Back 35

Isotonic Contraction

Front 36

muscle shortens as it contracts

Back 36

Concentric

Front 37

muscle lengthens while contracting

Back 37

Eccentric

Front 38

the body tries to maintain constancy of muscle length in response to increased load

Back 38

Stretch Reflexes

Front 39

means "same tension"

Back 39

Isotonic

Front 40

Contraction in which muscle length remains the same while muscle tension increase

Back 40

Isometric Contraction

Front 41

literally means "same length"

Back 41

Isometric

Front 42

continuous, electrically coupled mass

Back 42

Syncytium

Front 43

generally disrupt the normal movement of the body

Back 43

Myopathies or muscle disorders

Front 44

Injury to skeletal muscle caused by overexertion or trauma can result in a

Back 44

Muscle Strain

Front 45

Muscle strains are characterized y muscle pain or

Back 45

myalgia

Front 46

An injury that occurs in the area of a joint and a ligament is damaged, the injury may be called a

Back 46

Sprain

Front 47

Any muscle inflammation, including that caused by a muscle strain, is termed

Back 47

Myotisis

Front 48

If tendon inflammation occurs with myositis, as in a "Charley horse" the condition is termed

Back 48

Fibromyositis

Front 49

Minor trauma to the body, especially a limb, may cause a muscle bruise or

Back 49

contusion

Front 50

a bacterial infection. is an abnormal condition caused by an infection of the central nervous system with the bacterium Clostridium tetani

Back 50

tetanus

Front 51

This bacterium released a toxin called tetanospasmin that triggers over activity of the nervous system, often involving painful spasms of the muscles throughout the body

Back 51

Clostridium tetani

Front 52

a viral infection of the nerves that control skeletal muscle movement

Back 52

poliomyelitis

Front 53

is not a single disorder but a group of genetic diseases characterized by atrophy (wasting) of skeletal muscle tissues

Back 53

Muscular Dystrophy

Front 54

form of muscular dystrophy. this disease is also called pseudohypertrophy (meaning "false muscle growth") because the atrophy of muscle is masked by excessive replacement of muscle by fat and fibrous tissue

Back 54

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)

Front 55

a chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness, especially in the face and throat. Is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks muscle cells at the neuromuscluar junction

Back 55

Myasthenia Gravis

Front 56

when severe muscle weakness causes immobility in all four limbs

Back 56

Myasthenic Crisis

Front 57

Weakness of abdominal muscles can lead to protrusion of an abdominal organ (commonly the small intestine or stomach) through an opening in the abdominal wall.

Back 57

hernia

Front 58

is responsible for moving the framework of the body

Back 58

Muscular System

Front 59

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
ability to be stimulated

Back 59

Excitability (irritability)

Front 60

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
ability to contract, or shorten, and produce body movement

Back 60

Contractility

Front 61

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
ability to extend, or stretch, thereby allowing muscles to return to their resting length

Back 61

Extensibility

Front 62

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
Plasma membrane of muscle fibers

Back 62

Sarcolemma

Front 63

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
network of tubules and sacs found within muscle fibers

Back 63

T tubules

Front 64

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
network of tubules and sacs in muscle cells, similar to endoplasmic reticulum of other cells

Back 64

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Front 65

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
numerous fine fibers packed close together in sarcoplasm

Back 65

Myofibrils

Front 66

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
contractile unit of muscle cells; length of a myofibril between two Z disks

Back 66

Sarcomere

Front 67

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
very rapid, providing energy during first minutes of maximal exercise, may occur when low levels of O2 is available, results in formation of lactic acid which requires oxygen to convert back to glucose

Back 67

Anaerobic Respiration

Front 68

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
occurs when adequate o2 is available from blood, slower than anaerobic respiration, thus supply energy for the long term rather than the short term

Back 68

Aerobic Respiration

Front 69

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
muscle fibers with high levels of myoglobin

Back 69

Red Fibers

Front 70

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
muscle fibers with little myoglobin

Back 70

White Fibers

Front 71

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
motor neurons connect to the sarcolemma at the motor endplate

Back 71

Neuromuscular Junction

Front 72

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
the neurotransmitter released into the synaptic cleft that diffuses across the gap, stimulates the receptors, and initiates an impulse in the sarcolemma

Back 72

Acetylcholine

Front 73

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
globular protein that forms two fibrous strands twisted around each other to form the bulk of the think filament

Back 73

Actin

Front 74

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
protein that blocks the active sites on the actin molecules

Back 74

Tropomyosin

Front 75

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
protein that holds tropomyosin molecules in place

Back 75

Troponin

Front 76

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
makes up almost all the thick filament, the "heads" are chemically attracted to actin molecules, "heads" are know as cross bridges when attached to actin

Back 76

Myosin

Front 77

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
attaches to both Z disks (Z lines) of a sarcomere and extend part way toward the center

Back 77

Thin Filaments

Front 78

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
do not attach to the Z disks

Back 78

Thick myosin filaments

Front 79

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue)
contraction produces waste heat that can be used to help maintain the set point body temperature

Back 79

Skeletal Muscle

Front 80

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Organs)
motor neuron plus the muscle fibers to which it attaches

Back 80

Motor Unit

Front 81

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Organs)
method of graphing the changing tension of a muscle as it contracts

Back 81

Myography

Front 82

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Organs)
A quick jerk of a muscle that is produced as a result of a single, brief threshold stimulus(generally occurs only in experimental situations)

Back 82

Twitch Contractions

Front 83

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Organs)
Nerve impulse travels to the sarcoplasmic reticulum to trigger release of Ca++

Back 83

Latent Phase

Front 84

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Organs)
Ca++ binds to troponin and sliding of filaments occurs

Back 84

Contraction Phase

Front 85

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Organs)
sliding of filaments cease

Back 85

Relaxation Phase

Front 86

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Organs)
the staircase phenomenon, gradual, steplike increase in the strength of contraction that is seen in a series of twitch contractions that occur 1 second apart,

Back 86

Treppe

Front 87

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Organs)
smooth, sustained contractions

Back 87

Tetanus

Front 88

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Organs)
multiple twitch waves are added together to sustain muscle tension for a longer time

Back 88

Multiple Wave Summation

Front 89

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Organs)
smooth, sustained contractions

Back 89

Tetanus

Front 90

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Organs)
very short periods of relaxation occur between peaks of tension

Back 90

Incomplete Tetanus

Front 91

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Organs)
the stimulation is such that twitch waves fuse into a single, sustained peak

Back 91

Complete Tetanus

Front 92

(Function of Skeletal Muscle Organs)
continual, partial contraction of a muscle

Back 92

Tonic Contraction

Front 93

(Graded Strength Principle)
Contraction in which the tone or tension within a muscle remain the same as the length of the muscle changes

Back 93

Isotonic Contraction

Front 94

(Graded Strength Principle)
muscle shortens as it contracts

Back 94

Concentric

Front 95

(Graded Strength Principle)
muscle lengthens while contracting

Back 95

Eccentric

Front 96

(Graded Strength Principle)
the body tries to maintain constancy of muscle length in response to increased load

Back 96

Stretch Reflexes

Front 97

(Graded Strength Principle)
means "same tension"

Back 97

Isotonic

Front 98

(Graded Strength Principle)
Contraction in which muscle length remains the same while muscle tension increase

Back 98

Isometric Contraction

Front 99

(Graded Strength Principle)
literally means "same length"

Back 99

Isometric

Front 100

(Function of Cardiac and Smooth Muscle Tissue)
continuous, electrically coupled mass

Back 100

Syncytium

Front 101

(Mechanisms of Disease)
generally disrupt the normal movement of the body

Back 101

Myopathies or muscle disorders

Front 102

(Mechanisms of Disease)
Injury to skeletal muscle caused by overexertion or trauma can result in a

Back 102

Muscle Strain

Front 103

(Mechanisms of Disease)
Muscle strains are characterized y muscle pain or

Back 103

myalgia

Front 104

(Mechanisms of Disease)
An injury that occurs in the area of a joint and a ligament is damaged, the injury may be called a

Back 104

Sprain

Front 105

(Mechanisms of Disease)
Any muscle inflammation, including that caused by a muscle strain, is termed

Back 105

Myotisis

Front 106

(Mechanisms of Disease)
If tendon inflammation occurs with myositis, as in a "Charley horse" the condition is termed

Back 106

Fibromyositis

Front 107

(Mechanisms of Disease)
Minor trauma to the body, especially a limb, may cause a muscle bruise or

Back 107

contusion

Front 108

(Mechanisms of Disease)
a bacterial infection. is an abnormal condition caused by an infection of the central nervous system with the bacterium Clostridium tetani

Back 108

tetanus

Front 109

(Mechanisms of Disease)
This bacterium released a toxin called tetanospasmin that triggers over activity of the nervous system, often involving painful spasms of the muscles throughout the body

Back 109

Clostridium tetani

Front 110

(Mechanisms of Disease)
a viral infection of the nerves that control skeletal muscle movement

Back 110

poliomyelitis

Front 111

(Mechanisms of Disease)
is not a single disorder but a group of genetic diseases characterized by atrophy (wasting) of skeletal muscle tissues

Back 111

Muscular Dystrophy

Front 112

(Mechanisms of Disease)
form of muscular dystrophy. this disease is also called pseudohypertrophy (meaning "false muscle growth") because the atrophy of muscle is masked by excessive replacement of muscle by fat and fibrous tissue

Back 112

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)

Front 113

(Mechanisms of Disease)
a chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness, especially in the face and throat. Is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks muscle cells at the neuromuscluar junction

Back 113

Myasthenia Gravis

Front 114

(Mechanisms of Disease)
when severe muscle weakness causes immobility in all four limbs

Back 114

Myasthenic Crisis

Front 115

(Mechanisms of Disease)
Weakness of abdominal muscles can lead to protrusion of an abdominal organ (commonly the small intestine or stomach) through an opening in the abdominal wall.

Back 115

hernia