Physiology Of The Muscular System

Front 1

Skeletal muscle fiber(microscopic structure) What is the the outer cell membrane called?

Back 1

Sarcolemma

Front 2

Inside the muscle cell_____ has elongated protein strands k/a myofibrils

Back 2

Fiber

Front 3

Smooth ER is also known as

Back 3

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 4

what does Smooth Er fill

Back 4

Sooth ER fills the clefts/space between myofibrils.

Front 5

What forms tubular invaginations

Back 5

Sarcolemma T-tubules

Front 6

Scarcolemma forms tubular invaginations which are T tubules which do what

Back 6

propagate action protential to inside of cell.

Front 7

Thin myofilament(actin) which are a chain of what

Back 7

3000 actin molecules

Front 8

thick myofilaments ( myosin)

Back 8

which is 1500 golf club shaped proteins

Front 9

properties of skeletal muscle

Back 9

excitation,contraction, relaxation

Front 10

excitation of skeletal muscle

Back 10

1) generation of Action Potential by motor neuron
2) neuromuscular junction

Front 11

where is the action potential carried into

Back 11

transverse tubules

Front 12

activation of sarcoplasmic reticulum causes release of what

Back 12

calcium into cytoplasma from SR

Front 13

Calcium binds to ____ and causes what movement

Back 13

Troponin causes movement of tropomyosin

Front 14

Movement of tropomyosin allows binding sites of what

Back 14

actin to be exposed

Front 15

Myosin can then bind to...

Back 15

actin

Front 16

Myosin head is "charged" and bends...

Back 16

90 square when bound to actin

Front 17

movement pulls actin towards what?

Back 17

center of sarcomere(zlines)

Front 18

After contraction, more _____ is required to pump Ca back into sarcoplasmic reticulum

Back 18

ATP it is also needed fo re-establish resting membrane

Front 19

Relaxation of skeletal muscle

Back 19

Calcium is sequestered into sarcoplasmic reticulum(sr) Ion pumps in St use ATP to pump calcium from sarcoplam back into storage without ATp muscle cannot relax

Front 20

Without what a muscle can't relax

Back 20

ATP

Front 21

ATP

Back 21

ADP +phosphoric acid +engery for immediate use in conctraction

Front 22

Cp

Back 22

Creatine + Phosphoric+ engery flow (for synthesis of ATP from ADP)

Front 23

Glucose(glycogen or blood)

Back 23

lactic acid + engery for resynthesis of CP from creative and phosphoric acid

Front 24

Lactic acid + oxygen

Back 24

Water + carbon dioxide+ engery for synthesis of ATP and CP

Front 25

Smooth Muscle

Back 25

Involuntary, mostly single unitstucture

Front 26

Smooth Muscle Action potentials

Back 26

Transmitted across cells via gap junction work as single unit. Multiunit eye, pilomotor fibers of hair

Front 27

Structure of smooth muscle

Back 27

Central nucleus no orderly arrangement of actin and myosin no striations

Front 28

Smooth Muscle of action potentials

Back 28

not always required for contraction

Front 29

Stimulation of smooth muscle

Back 29

Ligand binding, mechanical stretch, slow wave electrical activity hormones, environment

Front 30

Smooth Muscle contraction stimulation

Back 30

Calcium has different role upon stimulation release from Sr also enters form outside the cell via calcium channels, inside cell, calcium binds to calmodulin.

Front 31

cardiac muscle are what type of of disks

Back 31

Intercalated disks at ends of muscle cells allow transmission of electrical activity

Front 32

Cardiac muscle acts as a

Back 32

syncytium

Front 33

Action potentials occur spontaneously within pacemaker cells which are regulated by...

Back 33

autonomic nervous system

Front 34

calcium from SR and via membrane channels but,

Back 34

calcium binds similar to skeletal muscle

Front 35

Conditions of toxins
Tetanus

Back 35

Neurotoxin from clostridium tetant, excitatory impulses aren't regulated, produces continuous tonic muscle spasms, lockjaw- masseter stronger

Front 36

Conditions and toxins
Botulism

Back 36

Botulinum toxin produce by clostridium botulinum, Acts on neuromuscular junction, toxins prevents vesicles contaning ACh at the synapse from release, flacci paralsis due to lack of muscle contraction

Front 37

Conditions and toxins of rigor and rigor mortis what happens

Back 37

When most ATP is depleted - myosin heads can't separate from actin + calcium can't be sequested back into SR by calcium pump= no relaxation

Front 38

Conditions and toxins fatigue

Back 38

Function of muscle cell and not due to neutons. Decrease in ATP Availability. Increase in IC Conc. of metabolites(latic acid) 2 metabolic pathways to produce ATP Glycolytic, Oxidative