Physiology Of The Adult Body Overview

Front 1

What does the blood vascular system contain?

Back 1

Blood
Heart
Circulatory System
Lymphatic System

Front 2

Where is excess lymph returned to?

Back 2

The heart

Front 3

What filters out pathogens and foreign particles of lymph?

Back 3

Lymph nodes

Front 4

External respiration

Back 4

gaseous exchange between air and the blood.

Front 5

Internal or tissue respiration

Back 5

gaseous exchange between the blood and tissues.

Front 6

What does maintenance of life depend upon?

Back 6

A constant supply of energy.

Front 7

Ingestion

Back 7

taking food into the body (mouth).

Front 8

Digestion

Back 8

Breaking down the food into chemical units by digestive juices (enzymes in stomach and small intestine).

Front 9

Absorption

Back 9

Chemical units pass into the blood and are carried to the liver (from the small intestine).

Front 10

Metabolism

Back 10

Chemical units are converted into energy for use by all organs of the body (mainly liver).

Front 11

Excretion (digestive system)

Back 11

Removal of any remaining indigestible material in the feces.

Front 12

Peristalsis

Back 12

Rhythmic contraction of food units through the digestive tract.

Front 13

Osmoregulation

Back 13

Chemical composition and volume of the tissue fluid must be kept constant.

Front 14

Excretion (renal system)

Back 14

Removal of nitrogenous waste products and excess water from the body.

Front 15

Production of genetic material in the testis

Back 15

Spermatogenesis

Front 16

Production of genetic material in the ovary

Back 16

ova production

Front 17

What is necessary for young to survive?

Back 17

Copulation
Fertilization
Implantation
Pregnancy
Parturition
Lactation

Front 18

Function of the nervous system

Back 18

to take in information from the internal and external environments and initiate appropriate responses.

Front 19

Functional unit of the nervous system

Back 19

neuron(e)

Front 20

List the 5 main senses

Back 20

Taste
Smell
Sight
Hearing
Balance

Front 21

What 2 systems work together to form part of the body's regulatory system?

Back 21

The nervous and endocrine systems.

Front 22

Endocrine glands secrete what?

Back 22

Hormones which target specific organs.

Front 23

Feedback loops

Back 23

each hormone has a specific effect and may interact with other hormones. This creates a complex network which acts to maintain the body in a state of equilibrium.

Front 24

Homeostasis

Back 24

the ability of the body to maintain relative stability and function in the face of change.

Front 25

Purpose of the Control Center

Back 25

determines set point, analyzes input and determines the appropriate response. Brain and spinal cord.

Front 26

The receptor purpose

Back 26

sensory receptor cells monitor the environment and detect specific changes (stimuli). Sends information or input to the control center (afferent pathway).

Front 27

The effector purpose

Back 27

Provides the means by which the control center can cause a response to a stimulus (efferent pathway). Muscles and glands.

Front 28

Feedback purpose

Back 28

The result of the response then "feeds back" to influence the stimulus. Either by depressing it: negative feedback; or by enhancing it: positive feedback.

Front 29

Negative feedback

Back 29

Output feeds back and decreases the input into the system. Net effect=decrease the original stimulus or its effects. i.e. blood glucose, blood pH, blood pressure, body temperature.

Front 30

Positive feedback

Back 30

Response enhances the original stimulus and the output is accelerated. May intensify the original singal, in same direction as the initial disturbance. I.e. parturition, orgasm, blood coagulation.