Physiology Of Respiratory System

Front 1

3 different types of respiration

Back 1

1. External - gas exchanged into circulation (pulmonary ventilation and pulmonary gas exchange)

2. Transportation of gases by blood

3. Internal - between blood and cells

Front 2

What 2 pressure gradients must the pulmonary ventilation mechanism establish?

Back 2

1. Pressure in alveoli is lower than atmp to produce inspiration

2. Pressure in alveoli is higher to produce Expiration

Air moves from areas of high to low pressure

Front 3

Boyle's law

Back 3

Volume of gas varies inversely With pressure

As vol decreases, pressure increases

As vol increases, pressure decreases

Front 4

How can alveolar pressure be decreased?

Back 4

Increase lung vol

Front 5

What is atmospheric pressure?

Back 5

760 mmhg

Front 6

What is pA?

Back 6

Alveolar pressure

PIP always stays Lower than pA

Front 7

Parietal plura

Back 7

Stuck to chest wall

Front 8

Visceral plura

Back 8

Stuck to lung wall

Front 9

Compliance

Back 9

Ability of pulmonary tissues to stretch making inspiration possible

Aided by surfactant produced by type 2 alveolar cells

Most people have high compliance

Premies do not make enough surfactant - put on ventilator

Front 10

Elastic recoil

Back 10

The tendency of pulmonary tissues to return to a smaller size after being stretched. Occurs passively during expiration

Front 11

What are intercostal muscles used for?

Back 11

To push chest out in forced breathing

Front 12

Is diaphragm relaxed during expiration?

Back 12

Yes. The diaphragm is also less curved when expiring.

Front 13

Dalton's law

Back 13

Partial pressure of gas in a mixture of gases is directly related to the concentration of that gas in the mixture.

Front 14

Pulmonary gas exchange 1

Back 14

Gas exchange from the lungs into the blood.

Factors that determine the amount of oxygen that diffuses in the lungs:

1. Oxygen pressure gradient

2. Respiratory minute volume - amt of air that enters lungs in a minute

3. Surface area of Respiratory membrane

Front 15

Factors that facilitate pulmonary gas exchange 1

Back 15

1. Walls of capillaries and alveoli very thin for gas to pass through

2. Alveolar and capillary surfaces are large

3. Blood in a thin layer in capillaries so that each RBC comes close to alveolar air

Front 16

Are pulmonary arteries blue?

Back 16

Yes!

Pulmonary venules are red

Front 17

Alveolar ventilation

Back 17

Airflow to alveoli

Front 18

Alveolar perfusion

Back 18

Blood flow to the alveoli

Coordinated regulation of perfusion and ventilation increase efficiency of gas exchange

Front 19

Oxygen unloading

Back 19

Oxygen unloading from hemoglobin more easily when exercising this is because of increased CO2 levels. (the Bohr effect)

Front 20

Bohr effect

Back 20

Increased Pco2 decreases the affinity between O2 and Hb.

When exercising oxygen unloading becomes easier

Front 21

Haldane effect

Back 21

Increased CO2 loading caused by a decrease in Po2