Physiology Of Model Systems Exam Ii

Front 1

Developed fruit fly model (drosophilia)

Back 1

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Front 2

Drosophilia has a ____ week generation period.

Back 2

2

Front 3

Dros. molting occurs on __, __, __ days, and the third instar molts to ____. They are fertile within ___ hrs.

Back 3

1, 2, 4. Immobile pupa. 12 hrs.

Front 4

Dros have __ pairs of chromosomes, they are ___, and ____ __, __, __.

Back 4

4. Autosomes 2,3,4.

Front 5

T/F The growing dros. larva does not keep the same number of cells.

Back 5

False, it does.

Front 6

Dros. sex determination is hormonal, T/F.

Back 6

F, is it genetic.

Front 7

Dros hormones control _____ _____.

Back 7

Sexual differentiation.

Front 8

The hormone ____ is necessary for sperm maturation.

Back 8

Ecdysone.

Front 9

Sperm are stored in the _____.

Back 9

Spermatheca

Front 10

Ovaries are made up of _____, and the types of ovary depend on ____ ____.

Back 10

Ovarioles. Accessory Cells.

Front 11

_____ _____ stimulates fat bodies to synthesize and export yolk.

Back 11

juvenile hormone

Front 12

Food enters the _____ and is ____ into the mouth by the ____ ____.

Back 12

buccal cavity, aspirated, cibarial muscles

Front 13

_________ grinds food like a gizzard – smaller particles pass into the ____ , larger are refluxed into the _____.

Back 13

Proventriculus, midgut, crop

Front 14

Ground food particles pass through the ____ ____ into ventriculus.

Back 14

stomodeal valve

Front 15

Most digestion and absorption occur in ___

Back 15

midgut

Front 16

______ ______ increase surface area for absorption and secrete
enzymes

Back 16

Gastric caecae

Front 17

____ secretes chitin fibrils embedded in a proteincarbohydrate
matrix that protects the epithelial lining of the ____.

Back 17

Cardial epithelium, ventriculus.

Front 18

____ regulates flow from ventricle to hind gut.

Back 18

Pyloric valve

Front 19

Malpighian tubules extract wastes from the hemolymph and secrete them into the ____.

Back 19

hindgut

Front 20

Hindgut plays a major role in homeostasis by regulating absorption of ____.

Back 20

water and salts

Front 21

____ remove more than 90% of the water from the feces, leaving
a dry fecal pellet

Back 21

Rectal pads

Front 22

____ (major blood sugar in insects); can be __ mg/ml in
hemolymph – allows diffusion down its concentration gradient
into muscle cells.

Back 22

Trehalose, 20 mg/ml.

Front 23

Two storage forms of carbohydrate: ____ in
the fat body, and ____ in the hemolymph

Back 23

glycogen, trehalose

Front 24

Predominant lipid transport form is ____ which
associates with the hemolymph lipoprotein – ____

Back 24

diacylglycerol, lipophoren

Front 25

Fatty acids are hydrolyzed off ____ at the muscle cells –fatty acids enter the muscle – ____ and ____ recycle to the fat body

Back 25

lipophoren, glycerol and lipophoren

Front 26

____ ____: range between minimum and maximum metabolic
rates measured by rate of ____ consumption. Insect ____ ____ has the largest metabolic scope in the animal kingdom.

Back 26

Metabolic scope, oxygen, flight muscle

Front 27

____ flight muscle: tubular and close-packed types
Relatively slow wing beat frequencies (4 to 20 beats per sec)

Back 27

Synchronous

Front 28

____ flight muscle: fibrillar type
High wing beat frequencies (190-1000 beats/sec)

Back 28

Asynchronous

Front 29

____ effects visceral muscles of the hindgut, and is a neurotransmitter/neurohormone.

Back 29

Proctolin.

Front 30

In insect immunity ______ are rapid while ____ response are slower but longer lasting.

Back 30

Hemocytic, humoral

Front 31

Plasmatocytes are involved in the ____ response

Back 31

encapsulation

Front 32

_____ are in involved in rupturing and forming coagulant

Back 32

coagulocytes

Front 33

hemocytes lack ___ ____

Back 33

basement matrices

Front 34

____ on the cell walls of bacteria induce prod of ___ in the _____, which leads to prod of ____ which are produced by the fat body

Back 34

peptidoglycans, hemolin, hemolymph, cecropins

Front 35

attacins are specific for ___ bacteria and work in synergy with ____ and ____

Back 35

alimentary, cecropins and lysozyme

Front 36

lysozyme hydrolyzes ___ that encase bacterial membranes

Back 36

peptidoglycans

Front 37

Insects generall have 10 pairs of spiracles, 2 on the ___ and ___ thoracic segments and ___ on the abdominal segments

Back 37

meso and metathoracic, 8