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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where the cell's DNA is stored?
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Nucleus
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Which of the following are NOT in the nucleus of a cell?
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a. mitochondria
b. chromosomes c. nucleus d. nucleoplasm |
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The location on an enzyme where substrate binds is called the__________?
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active site
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The isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase found in skeletal muscle?
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M-type
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Splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules?
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Glycolysis
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A phospholipid molecule has a head and two tails. The tails are found?
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In the interior of the membrane.
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Uses a membrane bound system that contains cytochromes to produce ATP?
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Electron transport chain
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Endurance training increases the amount of LDH?
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Inside the mitochondria
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Produces NADH and Co2 and converts pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA?
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Krebs Cycle
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The common energy "currency" in cells?
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ATP
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The end product of glycolysis is?
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Pyruvate
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The 3 carbon backbone of a triglyceride is called?
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Glycerol
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The phosphorylation of ATP ehich occurs during glycolysis and Krebs Cycle is called?
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Substrate-level phophorylation
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The phophorylation of ATP that occurs during glycolysis and Krebs cycle is called_________.
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substrate-level phophorylation.
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The number of ATP formed the metabolism of glycerol?
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19
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During cellular respiration, oxygen is reduced to form______.
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water
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This organelle has it's own DNA and increases in number with endurance training?
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Mitochondria
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The "cycle" in which lactate produced by skeletal muscle is shipped to the liver for gluconeogenesis?
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Cori Cycle
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The nonoxidative energy systems are used predominantly in the first_______minutes of exercise?
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2
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Vesicles released from the rough E.R. are most likley on their way to the?
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Golgi apparatus
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Th amount of energy that is required to make a reaction "go?"
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Activation energy
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Which of the following is capable of being reduced by either glycolysis or the Krebs cycle? a. FADH2 b. ADP c. pyruvate d. NAD+
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NAD+
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The face of the Golgi apparatus that faces the endoplasmic reticulum is the?
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cis face
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When NADH donates electrons to become NAD+ it has been?
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oxidized
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The partial or complete loss of electrons is called?
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Oxidation
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How many carbon atoms present in a molecule of lactate?
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3
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The number of ATP formed from the metabolism of one molecule of glycerol?
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19
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How many carbon atoms are present in a molecule of Acetyl-CoA?
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2
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An abbreviation for the compound which must combine with Acetyl-CoA to start the Krebs Cycle?
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OAA
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What is the difference between an acid and a base?
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An acid releases OH ions in solution, while a base accepts H+ ions.
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The number of ATP's formed from one FADH2 molecule?
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2
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The ATP-PCr and glyclytic energy systems are used predominantly in the first______ minutes of exercies?
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2
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In an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, the molecule that loses electrons is said to be________?
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oxidized
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In the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP, what is the most direct source of energy used to convert ADP+Pi to ATP?
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Energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport system.
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The partial or complete gain of electrons is called?
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reduction
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How many carbon atoms are present in a molecule of pyruvate?
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3
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This pathway occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria?
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Krebs Cycle
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How many carbon atoms are present in a molecule of carbon dioxide?
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1
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Lipids do not mix with water and are said to be_________?
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Hydrophobic
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The function of bicarbonate in the blood is?
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To remove lactate from the blood.
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An enzyme which converts pyruvate into lactate?
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Lactate dehydrogenase
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How many carbon atoms are present in a molecule of glucose?
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6
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This organelle contains digestive enzymes and acts to destrot intracellular debris?
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Lysosome
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The normal pH of human blood is?
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7.4
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The isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase found in skeltal muscle?
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M-Type
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If a cell metabolizes 10 molecules of glucose for energy production and no oxygen is availble, what is the maximum number of ATP's formed?
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20
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In the reaction shown below, which of the following is an oxidized product?
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6CO2
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The most immediate source for replenishing ATP within a cell?
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Creatine phosphate
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The transformation of pyruvate into lactate is called________.
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fermentation
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The dot over the V in VO2 indicates it's oxygen consumption _________?
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per minute
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An endergonic reaction has a Delta G that is?
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Positive
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When the name of a substance ends in -ase. the substance is most likely?
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Enzyme
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Produces ATP, NADH, and CO2?
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Transistion Reaction
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An amino acid which can be made into a fat is called?
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ketogenic
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Enzymes are composed of______?
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protein
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All carbon from a glucose molecule becomes_________after metabolism.
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carbon dioxide
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If a cell metabolizes 5 molecules of glucose for energy production and no oxygen is availble, what is the maximum number of ATP's formed?
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10
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Ribosomes associated with E.R. are called?
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Bound
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The site where proteins are packaged and labeled in a cell?
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Golgi apparatus
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Most of the ATP made during cellular respiration is made by?
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Oxidative phosphorylation
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How many ATP can be produced during the oxidative breakdown of glucose?
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34
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A metabolic pathway that occurs in the cytosol?
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glycolysis and fermentation
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This tryglyceride component is converted into Acetyl-CoA during beta oxidation?
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free fatty acid
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The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain in the mitochondris?
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Oxygen
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Define enzyme? Discuss how enzymes function to speed up biochemical reactions?
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An enzyme is a catalyst of protein and because it is a catalyst it is able to speed up the biochemical reaction without actually being consumed by the reation.
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Catabolism of proteins. lipids and carbohydrates can result in a 2-carbon molecule called______which enters the Krebs Cycle?
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Acetyl-CoA
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When NAD+ accepts electrons to become NADH it has been______?
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reduced
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The breakdown of glucose is a(n)________ reaction?
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exergonic and catabolic
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The amount of energy that is availble to do work in a biological reaction is?
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Free energy
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During cellular respiration, oxygen is reduced to form?
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water
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The number of ATP's formed fromone NADH molecule?
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3
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Regenerates NAD+ as pyruvate is converted to lactate or ethanol?
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Fermentation
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An amino acid which can be made into glucose is called________?
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Glucogenic
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The point of VO2 MAX oxygen consumption_________even as workload increases?
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stays the same
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This organelle is responsible for detoxifying drugs and poisons?
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Smooth E.R.
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An enzyme whichconverts pyruvate into lactate?
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Lactate dehydrogenase
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