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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is EDV?
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volume of blood in ventricle before contraction
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what is ESV?
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volume of blood in ventricle after contraction.
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SV=
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EDV-ESV
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what is EF?
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it is the proportion of blood pumped out of the left ventricle each beat
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EF=
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SV/EDV
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what is a good average EF?
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50-60%
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what is Q?
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the volume of blood pumped from the LV through the systemic circuit per minute.
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Q=
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HR * SV
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how does sympathetic stimulation increase Q?
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by increasing HR and SV
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normal Q at rest=
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5 L/min
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Fick equation defines the relationship among ____, ____, and the utilization of ____ in metabolically active tissue
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VO2, Q, O2
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what is the fick equation?
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VO2=Q * (CaO2-CvO2)
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what is CaO2 and CvO2?
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atrial and venous content of O2
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preload: represents the load placed on the muscle cells before _______. ______ placed on the myocardium
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contraction
stretch |
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what is used as a measure of preload?
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EDV
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any substance that affects contractility is called an ___________ agent
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inotropic
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Afterload--pressure in the _____ that resists the opening of the _______ valve
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aorta
aortic |
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afterload is represented by ______
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DBP
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Because of increased aortic pressure (afterload), the aortic valve clooses _____ and thus results in a decreased ______. The heart exerts more energy to pump less blood
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earlier
SV |
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An increased EDV (Pre-load) caused by an increased venous return, makes the heart work harder/less?
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harder
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EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON CARDIAC OUTPUT
EDV _____ due to venous return. ESV _____ due to increased cardiac contractililty. The net result is that SV________. So cardiac work goes up extensively |
increases
decreases increases |
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all vessels have a layer of _____ _______, except capillaries
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smooth muscle
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vascular smooth muscle is innervated by what?
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the sympathetic nervous system.
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single innervations allows for ______ contraction--at least some tension is maintained at all times
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tonic
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locally released substances generally _______ vasal response to neural innervation and circulating hormones.
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override
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can force of contraction of smooth muscle be graded?
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yes
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myosin filaments in Smooth muscle are _____ and ____ numerous. Entire myosin filaments are covered in myosin heads. _______ ATPse--slower rate of cross-bridging and slower time to peack tension. also ____SR
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longer
less slower less |
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as arteries divide into smaller arteries, the vascular walls become ____ elastic and _____ muscular
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less
more |
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vasculature from biggest to smallest...
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aorta
artery arteriole capillary venule vein venae cava |
