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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what do visceral afferents give you information about? somatic? special senses?
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- visceral: pain, BP
- somatic: pain, pressure - special senses: visual, auditory, olfactory |
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what are important autonomic reflexes at the spinal level? medulla oblongata? hypothalamus? thalamus & cortex?
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- spinal level: sweating, changes in CV function in response to pain or temperature
- medulla oblongata: BP control (baroreceptors), respiration - hypothalamus: integration, endocrine - thalamus & cortex: integration of special sensory input |
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where are the cell bodies for parasympathetic division located? postganglionic ganglion?
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- craniosacral
- cell body near ganglion located near target tissue |
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skeletal muscle use ______ receptors
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- N1 nicotinic receptors
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what is the parasympathetic preganglionic receptor on the postganglionic neuron? What is the NT used? What is the receptor & NT used by the postganglionic neuron?
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- N2 nicotinic receptor
- Ach - muscarinic Ach receptor |
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what is the sympathetic preganglionic receptor on the postganglionic neuron? What is the NT used? What is the receptor & NT used by the postganglionic neuron?
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- N2 nicotinic receptors
- Ach - alpha/beta NE receptors |
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the most common class of drugs that blocks the muscarinic receptors is ______
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- atropine
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what are the sympathetic receptors on the adrenal medulla?
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- N2 nicotinic receptors - release Ach
- adrenal gland then releases NE & eli |
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where are the cell bodies for sympathetic division located? postganglionic ganglion?
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- cell bodies are interomediolateral columns of thoracolumbar regions
- cell bodies are in paravertebral sympathetic chain ganglia (collateral ganglia) |
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_____ are located primary in vascular smooth muscle. what do they do?
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- alpha 1
- vasoconstriction |
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_____ are located primarily on presynaptic neurons. what do they do?
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- alpha 2
- regulate release of NE - if too much binds these & prevents additional release. |
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_____ receptors are located on the myocardium. what do they do?
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- beta 1
- increased contractility & HR |
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______ receptors are located on the airway smooth muscle. what do they do?
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- beta 2
- branchodilation |
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______ are located on fat cells. what do they do?
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- beta 3
- lipolysis - releases lipids into the blood |
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who is the prominent NT for alpha vs. beta receptors?
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- alpha prefer NE > Epi
- beta prefer Epi > NE |
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how does dilation & constriction of the pupil occur?
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- dilation: radial smooth muscle contracts via sympathetic stimulation (alpha 1)
- constriction: sphincter muscle contracts via parasympathetic stimulation (muscarinic receptor) |
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how does sympathetic & parasympathetic nervous system act on the heart SA node?
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- parasympathetic stimulation slows firing rate via muscarinic receptors
- sympathetic increases firing rate via beta 1 receptors |
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______ is the only place that contains the enzyme to convert norepi --> epi
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- adrenal medullary cells
- activity is enhanced by steroids from the adrenal cortex |
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how are muscarinic receptors an exception to the rules as to where they are found? other NTs?
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- muscarinic receptors can be found on postganglionic neurons (in addition to N2 receptors)
- there are non-cholinergic, non-adrengergic transmitters in the ANS - co transmission |
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fast EPSP in para & sympathetic ganglionic cells are initiated by _____ receptors in response to ____. Slow EPSPs result from what?
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- N2
- Ach - Ach stimulation of muscarinic receptors on post ganglionic cells |
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what is responsible for the 3 phases of the vascular smooth muscle response to NTs?
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- 1st phase is due to ATP depolarizing cell & opening Ca channels
- 2nd phase is due to NE - 3rd phase is due to neuropeptide Y |
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to stimulate the vascular smooth muscle receptors NE is also bound to what?
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- ATP which ends up interacting with a purinergic receptor
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what are the two routes of inactivation of NE & epi? which predominates?
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- major route is reuptake - broken down by MAOs
- other route uses enzyme catechol-O-metyhl transferase in synpatic cleft to methylate and inactivates them |
