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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Autorhythmic Cells - desc
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Cells fire spontaneously, act as pacemaker and form conduction system for the heart
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SA node - location
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cluster of cells in wall of Rt. Atria
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SA node - func
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begins heart activity that spreads to both atria
excitation spreads to AV node |
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AV node
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in atrial septum, transmits signal to bundle of His
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AV bundle of His - func
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the connection between atria and ventricles
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AV bundle of His - desc
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divides into bundle branches & purkinje fibers, large diameter fibers that conduct signals quickly
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SA node fires spontaneously ____ times per minute
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SA node fires spontaneously _90-100_ times per minute
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AV node fires at ____ times per minute
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AV node fires at _40-50_ times per minute
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ventricles by themselves fire ____ times per minute
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ventricles by themselves fire _20-40_ times per minute
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___ node setting pace since is the fastest
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_SA_ node setting pace since is the fastest
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time delay & cause at AV node
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100 msec delay at AV node due to smaller diameter fibers
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Tracing of the electrical activity of the heart:
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SA node
AV node Bundle of His Left & Right Bundle Branches Purkinje Fibers |
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P to Q interval
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conduction time from atrial to ventricular excitation
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P wave
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atrial depolarization
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QRS complex
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ventricular depolarization & atrial repolarization
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T wave
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ventricular repolarization
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time for excitation to spread through both ventricles simultaneously
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50 msec
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ECG is a measure of . . .
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ECG is a measure of currents generated in the ECF by the changes occurring in many cardiac cells
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Blood pressure in aorta
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120mm Hg
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Blood pressure in pulmonary trunk
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30mm Hg
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volume of blood ejected from each ventricle
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70ml
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stroke volume
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volume of blood ejected from each ventricle
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first heart sound (lubb) is created by . . .
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first heart sound (lubb) is created by the closing of the atrioventricular valves
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second heart sound (dupp) is created by . . .
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second heart sound (dupp) is created with the closing of semilunar valves
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Auscultation - def'n
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listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope
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Sounds of heartbeat during auscultation are . . .
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Sounds of heartbeat during auscultation are from turbulence in blood flow caused by valve closure
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Heart murmurs - def'n
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Abnormal heart sounds
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Heart murmurs - causes
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Backflow of blood
Improper valve closure Stenosis of valve Congential abnormalities Septal defects |
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Stenosis - def'n
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abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel
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Blood Pressure - def'n
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Pressure exerted by blood against the walls of the large vessels
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Systole - def'n
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Pressure during ventricular contraction
Highest pressure |
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Diastole - def'n
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Pressure with the heart “at rest”
Lower pressure |
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Pulse Pressure - formula
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Systole – Diastole (usually ~ 40mmHg)
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Mean Arterial Pressure - def'n
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The pressure driving blood into the tissues averaged over the entire cardiac cycle
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Mean Arterial Pressure - formula
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DP + 1/3 (SP – DP) where
DP= diastolic pressure SP= systolic pressure |
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Tachycardia - def'n
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Fast heart rate, > 100 bpm
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Bradycardia
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Slow heart rate, < 50 bpm
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Pacemaker is installed for ______
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Pacemaker is installed for _bradycardia_
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Defibrillator is installed for _______
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Defibrillator is installed for _tachycardia_
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Ectopic pacemakers - desc
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excitable group of cells that causes a premature heart beat outside the normally functioning SA node
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Things that stimulate ectopic pacemaker cells
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caffeine
cigarettes |
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Left ventricular failure leads to . . .
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Left ventricular failure leads to . . . drowning of blood in lungs
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Right ventricular failure leads to . . .
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Edema
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Sphygmomanometer - def'n
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Blood Pressure meter
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Two ways of taking pulse while meausuring BP
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Stethoscope
Palptaion |
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Causes of differences in BP readings
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Left vs Right
Orthostatic changes (Internal bleeding, cardiac disease) Exercise Standing vs. Sitting |
