Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
3 types of muscle are?
|
Smooth, Cardiac, Skeletal
|
|
|
What muscle is used for voluntary movement?
|
Skeletal
|
|
|
What type of muscle maintains posture?
|
Skeletal
|
|
|
What is the percentage of skeletal muscle in the average adult female?
|
30-40
|
|
|
What is the percentage of skeletal muscle in the average adult male?
|
40-50
|
|
|
What type of muscle can be autorhythmic and found lining the walls of the respiratory and digestive tracts
|
Smooth
|
|
|
In what type of muscle are the cells spindle shaped?
|
Smooth
|
|
|
What does shivering accomplish
|
Thermogenesis
|
|
|
What is the term for a property of muscle that describes its ability to propagate action potentials?
|
Electrical excitability
|
|
|
What is the term used to describe the ability to stretch without being damaged?
|
Extensibility
|
|
|
What are located in the peripheral aspect of the muscle cell just under the plasma membrane?
|
Nuclei
|
|
|
What is the name of the pathological condition when the nucleus of a muscle fiber is located in the center
|
Centronuclear myopathy
|
|
|
Also known as subcutaneous tissue/hypodermis? (hint: a connective tissue surrounding muscle tissue)
|
Superficial fascia
|
|
|
The adipose tissue of the superficial fascia of muscle contains most of the body's ______?
|
Triglycerides
|
|
|
What structure carries blood, nervous and lymphatic supply and holds muscles of similar function together?
|
Deep fascia
|
|
|
What layer of connective tissue ensheaths the entire muscle?
|
Epimysium
|
|
|
What layer of connective tissue ensheaths fascicles so they are together?
|
Perimysium
|
|
|
When pulling apart roast beef, the meat separates along what structures?
|
Fascicles
|
|
|
What layer of connective tissue ensheaths a muscle fiber?
|
Endomysium
|
|
|
What is the contractile unit of muscle fibers?
|
Myofibrils
|
|
|
What are bundles of filaments that run from one end of the muscle cell to the other?
|
Myofibrils
|
|
|
What type of embryonic tissue forms muscles?
|
Mesoderm
|
|
|
What type of cells form muscles?
|
Myoblasts
|
|
|
What type of muscle increase occurs during embryonic development?
|
Hyperplasia
|
|
|
What is the term for enlargement of existing fibers?
|
Hypertrophy
|
|
|
What cells may help regenerate damaged muscle tissue (only a little..)?
|
Satellite
|
|
|
What is the cell membrane of a muscle fibre?
|
Sarcolemma
|
|
|
The sarcolemma will invaginate into the cytoplasm forming what?
|
T-Tubules
|
|
|
What are granules of stored glycogen?
|
Glycosomes
|
|
|
What protein is only found in muscle and acts to store oxygen?
|
Myoglobin
|
|
|
The presence of what protein gives meat its red color?
|
Myoglobin
|
|
|
What are the dilated end sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum called?
|
Terminal cisterns
|
|
|
What has a T-Tubule at its center? (Hint: is a cellular aspect within the muscle cell)
|
Triad
|
|
|
What is the basic functional unit of a myofibril?
|
Sarcomere
|
|
|
What are sarcomeres seperated from eachother by?
|
Z Discs
|
|
|
What is the portion of the A band where the thick and thin filament does not overlap?
|
H zone
|
|
|
What are the two contractile proteins in muscles?
|
Actin and myosin
|
|
|
What is the most abundant protein in muscle?
|
Myosin
|
|
|
What muscle protein has the ability to act as an enzyme?
|
Myosin
|
|
|
What muscle proteins are arranged in a helical formation?
|
Actin
|
|
|
What protein is tropomyosin attached to?
|
Troponin
|
|
|
What is the largest known protein?
|
Titan
|
|
|
What is the 3rd most plentiful protein in muscle?
|
Titan
|
|
|
What protein extends from the Z disc to the M line (when muscle is relaxed)?
|
Titan
|
|
|
What protein fixes Myosin to the Z disc and M line?
|
Titan
|
|
|
What protein attaches Actin to the M line?
|
Nebulin
|
|
|
What protein transmits the tension generated by the sarcomeres to the tendons?
|
Dystrophin
|
|
|
What is the term for the structure formed by the union of action and myosin?
|
Crossbridge
|
|
|
What ion is required to move troponin?
|
Calcium
|
|
|
What protein stores calcium within the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
|
Calsequestrin
|
|
|
What chemical does myosin use to produce movement(force)?
|
ATP
|
|
|
What is a single motor unit with all of the muscle fibers to which it is attached called?
|
Motor unit
|
|
|
Where do the nervous and muscular system come together as a functional unit?
|
Neuromuscular junction
|
|
|
What product do synaptic vesicles at the NMJ of skeletal muscle produce and release?
|
Acetylcholine
|
|
|
What is the part of the sarcolemma of the muscle cell that is in closest proximity to the synaptic end bulb?
|
Motor end plate
|
|
|
What is the space between the nerve and the muscle fiber called?
|
Synapse
|
|
|
What type of channel is opened on a muscle with acetylcholine?
|
Sodium (Na+) ion channels
|
|
|
What stops the activity of acetylcholine?
|
Acetylcholinesterase
|
|
|
What is excess ATP within a muscle cell stored in the form of?
|
Creatine phosphate
|
|
|
This ensyme's actions include:storing and releasing ATP that has been stockpiled within the muscle cell
|
Creatine Kinase
|
|
|
In what process does the partial catabolism of glucose to generate 4 ATP occur?
|
Anaerobic cellular respiration
|
|
|
What is the inability of a muscle to maintain its force of contraction after prolonged activity called?
|
Muscle fatigue
|
|
|
Elevated oxygen use after exercise is called?
|
Recovery oxygen consumption
|
|
|
What is the contraction of all the muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single action potential called?
|
Twitch response
|
|
|
What is the period of time that is between the arrival of the action potential and the beginning of a muscle contraction called?
|
Latent period
|
|
|
What is the short period of time where the muscle fibers will not respond to action potentials called?
|
Refractory period
|
|
|
What is the combined results of multiple action potentials as displayed on a myogram referred to as?
|
Wave summation
|
|
|
What is it called when action potentials arrive and cause greater contraction, but still allow a little bit of relaxation between "twitches"?
|
Unfused (aka incomplete) tetanus
|
|
|
What is the progressive action of a muscle by successive recruitment of contractile units?
|
Motor unit recruitment
|
|
|
What type of contraction is it when the force generated by a muscle is insufficient to overcome a resistance and the muscle fibers lengthen?
|
Eccentric
|
|
|
What type of contraction is it when the force generated by a muscle is sufficient to overcome a resistance and the muscle fibers shorten?
|
Concentric
|
|
|
What type of contraction is it when a muscle remains the same length despite building tension?
|
Isometric
|
|
|
What type of contraction is it when tension in a muscle remains constant despite a change in muscle length?
|
Isotonic
|
|
|
The presence of what is what makes red meat darker than white meat?
|
Myoglobin
|
|
|
What is the least powerful type of muscle fiber?
|
Slow oxidative fibers
|
|
|
What type of muscle fiber is highly resistant to fatigue
|
Slow oxidative fibers
|
|
|
What type of muscle fiber is for short bursts of intense force and power?
|
Fast glycolitic fibers
|
|
|
What are the muscle fibers that have intermediate functions(compared to others) - they are involved in both endurance and power
|
Fast oxidative glycolitic fibers
|
