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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Membranous organelles separated from cytosol by one or more phospholipid membranes similar to cell membrane.
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Lumen. Mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes.
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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site of protein and lipid synthesis
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How many types of Endoplasmic reticulum
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(2) smooth er, rough er
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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lacks ribosomes, synthesize lipids, steroids and fatty acids
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum
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has ribosomes. proteins made on ribosomes are inserted into lumen of er.
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Golgi Apparatus
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packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles
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Lysosomes
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intracellular digestive system. has a ph of 4.8 - 5.0
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Peroxisomes
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contain enzymes that neutralize toxins
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Active Transport
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Proteins move molecules against their concentration gradient. Requires energy from ATP.
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Primary Active Transport
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ATP energy directly fuels transport. (direct)
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Secondary ActiveTransport
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Indirect. Uses potential energy stored in a concentration gradient. No ATP is used directly to fuel transport.
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How many passive transport? and what are they?
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1. Simple diffusion
2. Diffusion through channels 3. Diffusion through membrane (Fick's Law) 4. Facilitated diffusion 5. Osmosis |
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What is Fick's Law?
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movement of like substances through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high to low concentration.
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pH range for arterial blood
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7.35 - 7.45
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Whole blood?
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erythrocytes
leukocytes platelets plasma |
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Total blood volume
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5 - 5.5 Liters
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Liquid portion of blood
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plasma (mostly water with dissolved particles)
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what is serum
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it is just plasma with the clotting factors removed.
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cellular portion of blood
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formed elements
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Proteins in plasma
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1. albumin
2. gamma globulin 3. fibrinogen |
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FRANK STARLING'S LAW OF THE HEART
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states that the greater the volume of blood entering the heart during diastole (end-diastolic volume), the greater the volume of blood ejected during systolic contraction (stroke volume) and vice-versa.
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(PVC) Premature Ventricular Contraction
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irritability of the ventricle
can be caused by heart disease excess caffeine or cocaine exceptional athletes (low HR) |
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Similiarities between athletes and cardiac disease patients
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1. PVC - Premature Ventricular Contraction.
2. Bradycardia - slow HR 3. Tachycardia - fast HR |
