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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the functions of the respiratory system?
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BCCHODS
Blood Clots CO2 Chemical messenger regulation H+ O2 Defense Speech (phonation) |
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At rest how many liters of air and blood flow through the lungs per min
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4L air
5L blood |
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describe four functions of the conducting portion of the airways
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Lesbians want penis destruction
Low resistance pathway Warms and moistens air Phonation (contains vocal cords) Defense via mucus and phagocytes |
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which respriation steps occur by diffusion and which by bulk flow
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ventilation and transport --> bulk
alveolar and tissue capillaries --> diffusion |
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Between breaths at the end of an unforced expiraiton in what directions are the lungs and chest wall tending to move? What prevents them from doing so?
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lungs recoil inward
chest wall expands outword subatmospheric intrapleural pressure keeps the lungs partially expanded and the chest wall partially compressed |
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write the equation relating airflow into or otu of the lungs to atm pressure alveolar pressure and airway resistance
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F = (Patm - Palv)/R
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describe how air moves in during inhaliation
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diaphragm and intercostals contract
thorax expands pressure decreases gas flows into alveoli |
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describe expiration
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intercostals and diaphragm stop contracting
chest recoils in air in alveoli compresses air flows out |
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what are two factors important in lung compliance?
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stretchability
tension (more important) |
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how does surfactant increase lung compliance?
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water tension is too high so it would be hard to expand
surfactant lowers surface tension molecules of surfactant are closer in smaller spaces and this stabilizes little ones from collapsing |
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what are two factors that alter airway resistance?
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transpulmonary pressure this keeps the airways open and not collapsed
elastic connective tissue fibers that link the outside of the aiways to the surroundig alveolar exerting LATERAL TRACTION and helping to increase expansion |
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what is the formula for minute ventilation
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Tidal Volum x Respiratory rate
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what is the formula for alveolar ventilation?
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= (tidal - dead) x Rate
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what factors determine alveolar partial pressures? (3)
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PO2atm
rate of alveolar ventilation rate of total body o2 consumption |
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what generates the diffusion gradiants for O2 and CO2 in the tissues
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metabolic reactions consume O2 and produce CO2
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where is O2 consumed?
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mitochondria
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how is oxygen carried in the blood?
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dissolved
Hb |
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what does the hemoglobin dissociation curve tell us?
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represents sytemic venous and arterial blood.
shows a plateau which means that if PO2 falls the steep portion of the curve ensures that as much O2 as possible is retianed by the body |
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Review figure for O2 and CO2 transport in blood
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ok
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review the pons and medulla model
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ok
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what is the funciton of pulmonary stretch receptors?
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in airway smooth muscle
afferent nerves tell the medullary inspriatory neurons that inhalation is complete |
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what changes stimulate the peripheral chemoreceptors?
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in teh carotid and aortic bodies, they are stimualted by decreased PO2 and increased H+
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what changes stimulate the central chemoreceptors?
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increased PCO2 in the brain extracell fluid
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is repiratory control more sensitive to small changes in arterial PO2 or in artial PCO2
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CO2
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