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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hematocrit |
What percentage of whole blood is formed elements (normal 45-47%) |
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Albumin |
Creates osmotic pressure in blood |
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Globulins |
Plasma proteins. Alphas produced by lymphocyes: antibodies. Betas, gammas transport lipophillic vitamins |
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Fibrinogen |
Inactive form of fibrin. Activated by thrombin |
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Granular leukocytes |
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils |
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Agranular leukocytes |
Lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets |
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Megakaryocytes |
Rupture to form platelets |
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Transferrin |
Collects iron from duodenum and macrophages and transport top myeloid tissue |
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Thrombopoietin |
Cytokine stimulates production and maturation of megakaryocytes. Binds both MKC and platelets as a negative feedback loop. |
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Antigen D |
Rh factor in blood typing |
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Pernicious anemia |
Lack of intrinsic factor leads to lack of vitamin B12 absorption. B12 required for hemoglobin production. |
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Neutrophils |
Granular leukocytes. Immature are band cells with sausage nuclei. Mature are polymorphonuclear leukocytes with lobulated nuclei |
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Thrombocytes |
Platelets |
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Cytokines |
Autocrine regulators stimulate production of leukocytes |
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Enterocyte |
Intestinal epithelium releases iron through ferroportins into blood stream |
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Prothrombin |
Inactive thrombin catalyzed by Factor X |
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Aspirin |
Anticoagulant inhibits prostaglandin |
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Coumarin |
Warfarin, Inhibits activation of Vitamin K. Smells of cut grass. Rat poison |
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Heparin |
Anticoagulant inhibits thrombin |
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Feramen Ovale |
Hole in atrial septum in utero |
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HCN channels |
Unique to pacemaker cells. Hyperpolarization Cyclic Nucleotide. Channels open in response to hyperpolarization. "Funny current" |
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Innate immunity |
Skin, mucous, acidity, phagocytes, complement, interferons, endogenous pyrogen, natural killer cells, mast cells |
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Complement proteins |
Part of innate immunity, activated by antibody binding antigen. Becomes soluble complement (recruits phagocytes and stimulates mast cells) and complement fixation (binds antigen membrane and creates pore |
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Opsonization |
Ability to stimulate phagocytosis |
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Hapten |
Small organic molecules that are not anitigenic but becime antigenic determinant sites on larger proteins |
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Interferons |
In viral infections, inhibit cell division and tumor growth. Warn surrounding cells of virus |
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T cells |
Lymphocytes seeded in thymus. Provide cell-mediated (proximal) immunity |
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Lymphoid organs |
Primary: thymus, bone marrow. Secondary: spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes |
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Local inflammation events |
1) Antigen binds antibody which coat cell 2)Complement activated, promotes phagocytosis, stimulates mast cells 3)Mast cells realease histamine and promote capillary permeability 4)diapedesis of leukocytes |
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Baroreceptor reflex |
Baroreceptors in aorta and carotid are sensors. Vasomotor and cardiac control centers are integrators. Sympathetic and parasympathetic axons are effectors. |
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Chronotropic |
Affecting heart rate |
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Cardiac control center |
In medulla oblongata. Affected by baroreceptors and higher brain areas. |
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Contractility |
Strength of ventricular contraction |
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Preload |
End-diastolic volume |
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Afterload |
Total peripheral resistance |
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Resistance to blood flow |
Influenced by length of vessel, viscosity and (inversely) radius |
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Baroreceptors |
Tonically active stretch receptors in aortic arch and corotid sinuses. Elevated blood pressure increases stretch and signal. |
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Diapedesis |
1)roll 2)capture microbial on vessel wall 3)adhesion and activation 4) spreading 5)extravasation |
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Histocompatibility antigens |
"Self" markers. MHC molecules |
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Helper T cells |
Cd4 receptors attach class-2 MHC on antigen-presenting cells. Enhance B-cells and Killer-T cells. |
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Lymphokines |
Autocrine regulators (cytokines) produced by Tcells and macrophages |
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Frank-Starling Law |
Increase in EDV intrinsically produces increased contraction strength. |
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Passive immunity |
Frim donor or mother (in utero or nursing) |
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Clonal deletion and anergy |
Autoreactive lymphocytes are destroyed or not activated |
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Immune complex |
Antigen-antibody which is free and promotes imflammation and activates complement |
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Pulse pressure |
Difference between diastolic and systolic pressure 120-80=40) |
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Mean arterial pressure |
Avg pressure. Drives blood through capillaries to veins. Aprox 1/3 pulse pressure plus diastolic pressure. |
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Venous return |
Influenced by blood volume(urine, tissue fluid volume), negative interthoracic pressure, venous pressure (venoconstriction, skeketal muscle pump) |
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Angina pectoris |
Chest pain causes by lactic acic in myocardium |
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Causes of edema |
High blood pressure, venous obstruction, decrease or leakage of plasma proteins into interstitial fluid, myxedema (excessive extracellular protein), obstruction of lymphatic drainage |
