Physiology Exam 2 Lecture 11

Front 1

does the CNS or PNS have the additional branches

Back 1

PNS

Front 2

what are the two main divisions of the PNS

Back 2

efferent and afferent

Front 3

afferent or efferent has two more branches

Back 3

efferent

Front 4

what are the division of the efferent division of the PNS

Back 4

autonomic and somatic

Front 5

of the autonomic or somatic which have further division

Back 5

autonomic

Front 6

what are the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Back 6

sympathethic
parasymp
enteric division

Front 7

axon =

Back 7

nerve fiber

Front 8

definition. group of many axons that originate and innervate in the same general location in the PNS

Back 8

nerve

Front 9

are there nerves in the CNS

Back 9

NO there are pathways and commisures

Front 10

definition. tract. group of axons traveling together in the CNS

Back 10

pathway

Front 11

definition. group of axons traveling together and lins the right and left hemispheres of the CNS

Back 11

commissure

Front 12

definition. group of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Back 12

ganglia

Front 13

definitionl grou pof neuron cell bodies in the CNS

Back 13

nuclei

Front 14

what are the four subdivisions of the brain

Back 14

DCBC
diencephalon
cerebrum
brainstem
cerebellum

Front 15

definition. consists of the right and left cerebral hemispheres

Back 15

forebrain or cerebrum

Front 16

is the cerebral cortex white or gray matter

Back 16

gray

Front 17

definition. a massive bundle of nerve fibers commissure that connects the two cerebral

Back 17

corpus callosum

Front 18

is a gyri a ridge or groove

Back 18

ridge

Front 19

definition heterogeneous groups of gray matter deep within the cerebrum

Back 19

subcortical nuclei

Front 20

subcortical nuclei includes the ___ ____ important for controlling movement and posture

Back 20

basal nuclei

Front 21

what do the basal nuclei control

Back 21

movement and posture

Front 22

what are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex

Back 22

frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital

Front 23

where is the motor area (which lobe)

Back 23

frontal lobe

Front 24

inwhich lobe is the sensory cortex

Back 24

parietal lobe

Front 25

in which lobe is the primary visual cortex

Back 25

occipital

Front 26

what is in the temporal lobe

Back 26

primary auditory cortex

Front 27

true or false cells of the cerebral cortex are organized into six layers

Back 27

true

Front 28

definition. form the major otuput cells with their axons reaching other parts of the cortex and the CNS

Back 28

pyramidal cells

Front 29

definition. the most complex integrating area of the nervous system. receives basic afferent infromationa nd processes it into perceptual images

Back 29

cerebral corex in the forebrain or cerebrum

Front 30

this refines control over systems that regulate movement of the skeletal muscles generates skilled movments

Back 30

cerebral cortex

Front 31

where does the cerebral cortex receive most of its nerve fibers

Back 31

diencephalon specifically the thalamux

Front 32

what three things does the cerebrum do

Back 32

reasoning learning and memory

Front 33

what are the major things to know about the cerebrum

Back 33

Diencephalon
integrating area
control over movemnet of skeletal muscle
Learning memory reasoning

Front 34

what makes up the forebrain

Back 34

diencephalon and cerebum

Front 35

what is the "core" of the forebrain

Back 35

diencephalon

Front 36

what are the two major parts of the diencephalon

Back 36

thal and hypothal

Front 37

definition. collection of nuclei that serve as synaptic relay stations integrating cents for most inputs to the cerrebral cortex.

Back 37

thalamux

Front 38

hypothal or thal. participates in skeletal msucle control and awareness and attention

Back 38

pthal

Front 39

hypothal or thal. the most important control area for homeostatic regulation of the internal environment

Back 39

hypothal

Front 40

what are three major functions of the hypothal

Back 40

ACT
autonoic nervous system regulation
circadian rhythms
temp of the bodyd

Front 41

where is the hypothal

Back 41

atop the anterior pituitary gland

Front 42

hypothal or thal. regulates water balance

Back 42

hypothal

Front 43

where is the limbic system found

Back 43

forebrain

Front 44

definnition. a functional system of the forebrain associated with learning emotional experience and behavior nd a wide variety of endocrine functions

Back 44

limbi system

Front 45

definition. consists of an outer layer of cells and several deeper cell clusters. receives info form the muscles joitns skin eyes ears viscera and parts of the brian invovled i control of movement.

Back 45

cerebellum

Front 46

what is the cerebellum important for

Back 46

coordination of the mvmt for posture and balance

Front 47

what is the outer layer of the cerebellum called

Back 47

cerebellar cortex

Front 48

what makes up the brainstem

Back 48

midbrain pons an dmedulla oblongata

Front 49

definitoin. contains all the fibers passing between the spinal cord forebrain and cerebellum

Back 49

brain stem

Front 50

what is the core of the brainstem

Back 50

reticular formation

Front 51

definition. loosely arrranged neuron cell bodies intermingled with bundles of axons

Back 51

reticular formation

Front 52

true or false. the reticular formation is the one part of the brain absolutely essential for life

Back 52

reticular formation

Front 53

what is involved in motor functions cardiovascular cotrol repiratory contorl and mechanisms that regulate sleep wakefulness and focus attention

Back 53

reticular formation

Front 54

fromt he reticular formation it's neurons relase ___ ___ ____

Back 54

biogenic amine neurotrans

Front 55

is the central butterfly shaped are gray or white matter in the spinal cord

Back 55

gray matter

Front 56

what contains interneurons the cells bodies and endrites of offerent enurons and entering axons of afferent neurons an dglia

Back 56

gray matter of the spinal cord

Front 57

does the outer layer of white matter in the spinal cord have ascending, descending, or both pathways

Back 57

both

Front 58

what contains the cell bodies of afferent neurons whose axons etiher the spinal cord

Back 58

dorsal root ganglia

Front 59

efferent axons exit the spinal cord via the ___ ____

Back 59

ventral root

Front 60

in the somatic nervous system where are the cell bodies located

Back 60

groups in the brainstem or the ventral horns of the psinal cord

Front 61

do somatic neurons directly or indirectly innervate the skeletal muscle

Back 61

directly

Front 62

are somatic neurosn small diameter and unmyelinates or large diameter myelinated

Back 62

large and myelinates

Front 63

true or false. somatic neurons are also called motor neurons

Back 63

true

Front 64

true or false. somatic neurons are cholinergic

Back 64

true

Front 65

true or false. somatic neurons act on muscarinic receptors located on the skeletal msucle fibers

Back 65

FALSE NICOTINIC receptors

Front 66

what is another name for the autonomic nervous system

Back 66

viscerla nervous sytem

Front 67

what are examples of things under autonomic control

Back 67

heart rate repsiratorycontrol bp

Front 68

somatic neurons =

Back 68

motor neurons

Front 69

autonomic or somatic. consists of single neuron between cns and seletal muscle

Back 69

somatic

Front 70

autonomic or somatic.innervates skeletal msucle

Back 70

somatic

Front 71

autonomic or somatic. has two neuron chain connected by a synapse between CNS and effector organ

Back 71

autonomic

Front 72

autonomic or somatic. cal lead only to muscle excitation or contraction

Back 72

somatic

Front 73

autonomic or somatic. can be either excitatory or inhigibotry

Back 73

autonomic

Front 74

autonomic or somatic.innervates smootha nd cardiac msucle glands and GI neurons

Back 74

autonomic

Front 75

true or flase. al sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons project axons at equal levels of the CNS

Back 75

DIFFERENT

Front 76

Most sympathetic ganglia lie close ot the spinal cord and form 2 chians on each side of the cord. these are called ___ ____

Back 76

sympathetic trunks

Front 77

in both parasmp or symp. ACh is the neuro trans released betwene the pre and post ganglinic neurons

Back 77

both

Front 78

parasymp or symp. ACh is a lso the neurotrans released between postganglionic neurons and the effector cells

Back 78

parasmp

Front 79

parasymp or symp. NE is usually the postganglionic neurotrnas

Back 79

symp

Front 80

one set of symp postganglionic neurons form the adrenal medulla which release ___ and ___ into the blood

Back 80

epi and NE

Front 81

these receptors for acwetylcholiner are on postganglionic neurons in the autnomic ganglia and at neuromuscular junction sof the seletal muscle and come central nervous system neurons

Back 81

nicotinic receptors

Front 82

these ACh receptors are on smooth msucle cardiac muscle and gland cells and some of the CNS neurons

Back 82

muscarinic receptors

Front 83

receptors for NE and epi are found on ___ ____ and _____

Back 83

smooth msucle cardiac msucle and gland cells

Front 84

what is dual innervation

Back 84

when glands or targtes are innervated by both symp and parasymp fibers

Front 85

what is the dual innervation analogy

Back 85

brake or accelerate

Front 86

which is the brake and which is the acclerator

Back 86

brake = parasymp
accelerator = smp

Front 87

which is fight or flight

Back 87

symp

Front 88

which is rest digest

Back 88

parasymp